Category: Strategy Sessions

  • Samachar Manthan 2022 launched | Program starting from 5th June 2021 | Enrollment open

    Program starting from 5th June 2021


    Absolutely no part of the IAS exam syllabus gets the level (even similar) of attention or emphasis as is received by Current Affairs. It is as ubiquitous as Oxygen on Earth, and for the exam, its importance is of similar magnitude. 

    Importance in Interview

    In Personality Tests often your opinions are asked on various issues. Current Affairs make you aware of the surroundings and allow you to give practical answers to the problems faced by the country.

    Current affairs are indispensable for every stage of the UPSC exam, be it prelims, mains, or interviews. Understanding the importance of current affairs is just one part of the UPSC puzzle. For solving the whole puzzle, we have Samachar Manthan.

    What is Samachar Manthan 2022?

    Samachar Manthan is our flagship program designed to help you develop a solid command on your newspaper reading and current affairs analyzing skills. We’re are also going to focus on imparting skills required to utilize current affairs. Since it builds your core, it is important for both Prelims and Mains. 

    Three variants of Samachar Manthan:

    Program inclusion

    1. Weekly 3+ hours video lecture

    2. High-quality Notes and reference material

    3. Membership to Samachar Manthan Habitat club – doubts,  discussion, and mentorship session.

    4. Weekly Current Affairs based Mains Test (10 Questions) and Evaluation

    5. Current Affairs Monthly Prelims Test package

    6. Marathon Revision sessions on Habitat before Prelims and Mains

    7. Frequent Google meet Sessions to check on Student’s Preparation status

    8. Micro notes to help you make your notes.

    About the faculty leading this program:

    Sajal Singh

    Sajal sir is known to make Economics and IR as easy as a cakewalk. He scored one of the highest marks in GS in the 2017 UPSC exam. Under his guidance, more than 80 percent of Students qualified for UPSC interview 2020 in Smash mains Program.

    Sudhanshu Mishra

    Sudhanshu sir has firsthand experience of 3 mains and two interviews of UPSC. He has served in the defense ministry for 10 years with keen interests in regional and global geopolitics and has ample experience of various other competitive exams as well.

    Duration of the program:

    This program will start from 1st week of June and has two variants which will continue till Prelims 2022 and Mains 2022 respectively.

    Why Samachar Manthan?

    5 stage structure of Lecture-Notes-Testing-Review-Mentoring

    Our unique five-stage methodology helps ensure maximum retention and rock-solid preparation. Each component has been meticulously crafted which repeated every week creates a virtuous cycle.

    Diversified and Comprehensive coverage

    We let news develop over a week, and a team under Sajal Sir daily covers it from various sources which include newspapers (The Hindu, The Indian Express, LiveMint, etc.), magazines (Yojana, Kurukshetra, EPW, Down to Earth), important websites (PIB, PRS, govt ministries, IDSA, etc.).

    UPSC is a generalist exam. It’s important to cover more issues than to cover a few, in more depth. Samachar Manthan ensures a fine balance of comprehensive news coverage and detailed discussion on the most important topics.

    It’s not just a Current affairs program we cover even those themes which are not in news but which we feel are important for the exam

    Eg:  Land reforms, PDS Reforms, Issues with Rajya Sabha

    Videos and Notes

    Carefully selected relevant news is analyzed and delivered in a weekly lecture spanning over 3 hours.

    You will be getting high-quality, well-designed notes. They are detailed with proper categorization of news into the Mains and Prelims category.

    Our focus is on conceptual clarity, simplicity, relevance, and making interlinkages between current affairs and basic/static part of the syllabus.

    Samachar Manthan Civilsdaily IAS Current Affairs UPSC

    Samachar Manthan Weekly Notes (Click to download)

    Samachar Manthan Micro-notes (click to download)

    A sample of Samachar Manthan micro notes

    Samachar Manthan will also help you understand how to utilize current affairs in all your Prelims and Mains papers. A part of which is done by tests.

    Weekly Mains Test and Evaluation

    Because learning is not enough, you must apply. Every week a 10 question UPSC level current affairs test follows with video and notes. The focus here is on Mains answer writing skills and practice.

    It’s a skill that is learned, honed, and perfected gradually. And this is why it should be done regularly. Our team of subject experts evaluates your answers and provides you with feedback. Answer enhancement is one of the objectives of this exercise.

    Samachar Manthan Civilsdaily IAS Current Affairs UPSC

    Evaluated answer sheet – 1 (Click to download)

    Evaluated answer sheet – 2 (Click to download)

    Current Affairs Monthly Prelims Test package

    This was a feedback that we had received from our students. Now every month we provide a Current Affairs prelims test package.

    All this completes a study loop and enhances your retention.

    Civilsdaily Handholding and mentoring: 

    Our team led by Sajal sir is there to provide handholding support all through your UPSC journey. Increased interaction with the faculty and teachers from Civilsdaily will help you align your preparation and make it more relevant. You can reach out to Sajal sir and other teachers on Habitat.

    Google meet sessions

    Another important component we have added this year is Google meet sessions. These sessions will be conducted on a regular basis with the aspirants.

    Samachar Manthan 2022 -Habitat club 

    You’ll get a membership of the exclusive Habitat club and it is where everything comes together learning, doubt clearing, notes, references, mentors, and a focussed community. You’re going to learn and discuss like never before. 

    How will your queries be resolved?

    • The moment you have a query, you post it in the group. Your doubts will get resolved asap.
    • More often than not, your peers will take part in your doubt discussions adding a lot of value.

    Besides doubts, what else is there on Habitat?

    • #DDS sessions – We have dedicated sessions every day to resolve doubts in real-time. Never keep a doubt to yourself. 
    • An ecosystem for co-learning and active learning.
    • A highly motivated community to bring flexibility and consistency to your preparation.

    Marathon revision sessions before Prelims and Mains

    To consolidate your coverage and revision we take revision sessions on Habitat.

    Revision session on Habitat

    This is what our students have to say about Samachar Manthan and Sajal Sir.

     

    Samachar Manthan Civilsdaily IAS Current Affairs UPSC
    Feedback from our students.

    Samachar Manthan Civilsdaily IAS Current Affairs UPSC
    From answers posted in Quora. Read more here.

    Two variants of Samachar Manthan:

  • Important Important Temples/Monasteries/Stupas/Caves

     
    23rd May 2021

    Samanvaya: Free 1-to-1 mentorship for UPSC IAS

    Fill up this form to schedule a free on-call discussion with senior mentor from Civilsdaily. Once submitted we will call you within 24 hours.

    Civilsdaily Samanvaya 1-On-1 Mentorship Form

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  • Historical and Archaeological Findings in News

     
    22nd May 2021

    Samanvaya: Free 1-to-1 mentorship for UPSC IAS

    Fill up this form to schedule a free on-call discussion with senior mentor from Civilsdaily. Once submitted we will call you within 24 hours.

    Civilsdaily Samanvaya 1-On-1 Mentorship Form

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  • Zoom link (3pm today) inside| Webinar for working professionals: Samarth 2022 by Sudhanshu sir

    Zoom link (3pm today) inside| Webinar for working professionals: Samarth 2022 by Sudhanshu sir

    Zoom link for Webinar:
    https://zoom.us/j/97951170654?pwd=Q09wMkdZU3dYZDhzK3VyRHprRUF1Zz09

    Click here to register for the webinar

    • Webinar date: 23rd May 2021, Sunday
    • Time: 3 PM afternoon
    • Zoom link will be emailed to you.

    It’s not anybody’s guess why in general life army personnel are highly disciplined. Their precision in every field of life is emulatable. They almost internalise these everyday learnings and develop them as lifestyle traits.

    The case is very similar with the civil services aspirants too, who take up the task of clearing one of the toughest exams in India, in addition to being a working professional. Given the rigours of life, they are subjected to, they already know what they have to sacrifice and what regime they need to follow.

     Click here to register for the webinar

    If we sift through the previous year results, we can easily come across such examples. Aspirants facing the harshness of the work environment are bound to earn the incentives of time management, critical thinking and discipline. I mean, who would not remember Anu Kumari here. Despite being a working woman, a wife and a mother, she proved many of her naysayers wrong. Mind you, she was not just working but was also a lady in many life roles with a two-year-old kid wanting the comfort of a mothers presence.

    Now if she is not enough motivation, what else is! She is a shining star in our Hall of Fame. Okay, let me mention another bright example, Kunal Aggarwal. He was very well sorted and settled with a decent life at Goldman Sachs. Dream job for many. Navigating all the odds at work and busy schedules, he managed to follow the guidelines provided by Civilsdaily, he made it through in stages. There’s a story we will discuss in our webinar. He is again an example worth following. Our hall of fame is actually full of many such names.

     Click here to register for the webinar

    We can go on and on with a lineup that may never end. But the bottom line, which most of our successful working aspirants agreed with, was the time management and course curriculum they were made part of while at CD. The able guidance team and the evidence-based entire training structure pays at the end when the final recommendation list comes out. Trust me, we are elated. At times more than the students.

    So, let me invite you to the webinar which I am specifically holding for Working Professionals or Junta on the coming Sunday 23rd May at 3 PM afternoon. It will be epic in many ways. We will discuss many doubts faced by the working junta over a one-to-one live chat. Also, we will come to know about the specifics of the exam and the evolving pattern.

    Summarily, in this webinar, you can expect to learn about:

    • Mistakes that can cost you an attempt?
    • What to do to master the IAS-Exam being a working professional?
    • How to clear the exam, adhering to a “5-hour Step-by-Step learning plan”?
    • An interactive Q&A session with an experienced audience?
    • Important Civilsdaily softcopies takeaway for exam preparation.
    • Civilsdaily Joining Bonus ( Only for Sunday registrations )

    Moreover, if UPSC 2022 is your first attempt, I will call you personally.

    But for that, book your seat in this webinar by filling up a small form with your details and one specific query which you want to get addressed.

    Meet you soon!

    Zoom link for Webinar:
    https://zoom.us/j/97951170654?pwd=Q09wMkdZU3dYZDhzK3VyRHprRUF1Zz09

    Click here to register for the webinar


    A quick bit about Sudhanshu Mishra:

    Sudhanshu has the first-hand experience of 3 mains and two interviews of UPSC. He has served in the defense ministry for 10 years with keen interests in regional and global geopolitics and has ample experience of various other competitive exams as well.

     Click here to register for the webinar

    For any queries reach out to hello@civilsdaily.com

     

  • (Live) Samarth 2022: Webinar for Working Professionals | How to clear UPSC exam by studying 5 hours everyday? | (3 pm,today) (ZOOM link inside the post)

    (Live) Samarth 2022: Webinar for Working Professionals | How to clear UPSC exam by studying 5 hours everyday? | (3 pm,today) (ZOOM link inside the post)

    Zoom link for Webinar:
    https://zoom.us/j/97951170654?pwd=Q09wMkdZU3dYZDhzK3VyRHprRUF1Zz09

    Click here to register for the webinar

    • Webinar date: 23rd May 2021, Sunday
    • Time: 3 PM afternoon
    • Zoom link will be emailed to you.

    It’s not anybody’s guess why in general life army personnel are highly disciplined. Their precision in every field of life is emulatable. They almost internalise these everyday learnings and develop them as lifestyle traits.

    The case is very similar with the civil services aspirants too, who take up the task of clearing one of the toughest exams in India, in addition to being a working professional. Given the rigours of life, they are subjected to, they already know what they have to sacrifice and what regime they need to follow.

     Click here to register for the webinar

    If we sift through the previous year results, we can easily come across such examples. Aspirants facing the harshness of the work environment are bound to earn the incentives of time management, critical thinking and discipline. I mean, who would not remember Anu Kumari here. Despite being a working woman, a wife and a mother, she proved many of her naysayers wrong. Mind you, she was not just working but was also a lady in many life roles with a two-year-old kid wanting the comfort of a mothers presence.

    Now if she is not enough motivation, what else is! She is a shining star in our Hall of Fame. Okay, let me mention another bright example, Kunal Aggarwal. He was very well sorted and settled with a decent life at Goldman Sachs. Dream job for many. Navigating all the odds at work and busy schedules, he managed to follow the guidelines provided by Civilsdaily, he made it through in stages. There’s a story we will discuss in our webinar. He is again an example worth following. Our hall of fame is actually full of many such names.

     Click here to register for the webinar

    We can go on and on with a lineup that may never end. But the bottom line, which most of our successful working aspirants agreed with, was the time management and course curriculum they were made part of while at CD. The able guidance team and the evidence-based entire training structure pays at the end when the final recommendation list comes out. Trust me, we are elated. At times more than the students.

    So, let me invite you to the webinar which I am specifically holding for Working Professionals or Junta on the coming Sunday 23rd May at 3 PM afternoon. It will be epic in many ways. We will discuss many doubts faced by the working junta over a one-to-one live chat. Also, we will come to know about the specifics of the exam and the evolving pattern.

    Summarily, in this webinar, you can expect to learn about:

    • Mistakes that can cost you an attempt?
    • What to do to master the IAS-Exam being a working professional?
    • How to clear the exam, adhering to a “5-hour Step-by-Step learning plan”?
    • An interactive Q&A session with an experienced audience?
    • Important Civilsdaily softcopies takeaway for exam preparation.
    • Civilsdaily Joining Bonus ( Only for Sunday registrations )

    Moreover, if UPSC 2022 is your first attempt, I will call you personally.

    But for that, book your seat in this webinar by filling up a small form with your details and one specific query which you want to get addressed.

    Meet you soon!

    Click here to register for the webinar


    A quick bit about Sudhanshu Mishra:

    Sudhanshu has the first-hand experience of 3 mains and two interviews of UPSC. He has served in the defense ministry for 10 years with keen interests in regional and global geopolitics and has ample experience of various other competitive exams as well.

     Click here to register for the webinar

    For any queries reach out to hello@civilsdaily.com

     

  • Major Rivers in India

    21st May 2021

    Samanvaya: Free 1-to-1 mentorship for UPSC IAS

    Fill up this form to schedule a free on-call discussion with senior mentor from Civilsdaily. Once submitted we will call you within 24 hours.

    Civilsdaily Samanvaya 1-On-1 Mentorship Form

    Field will not be visible to web visitor

  • Couldn’t clear mains? Let us prepare to Smash Mains 2021: New Batch | Invite only program (only 5 seats remaining)| Enroll here

    Couldn’t clear mains? Let us prepare to Smash Mains 2021: New Batch | Invite only program (only 5 seats remaining)| Enroll here

    The Batch of Smash Mains Program will start from 30th May. This is an invite-only program and has a success rate of more than 80%.

    To enroll click here.

    How Smash Mains 2021 will progress?


    Dear Students,

    We understand what it feels like to get so close to clearing the exam but eventually not making it. The feeling is dreadful. But don’t be shattered by failures, don’t let them slow you down. Team Civilsdaily will ensure that your LBSNAA dream is fulfilled.

    We are announcing the start of the batch of Smash Mains 2021.

    The result of Smash Mains 2020 has been exceptional. Out of 50 students enrolled in the first batch. 40 Gave the Mains exam and out of them, 32 qualified for the interview round. Thus the success rate of Smash mains 2020 was 80%. Thus the chances of getting through the mains stage increase by 4 times for students enrolled in Smash Mains Program.

    About Smash Mains 2021

    Smash mains is a highly personalized and intensive handholding program for the crème-de-la-crème (veterans) amongst UPSC aspirants (the intake is 50 students).

    Note: The Entry Restricted to those who have given mains in the past 2 years and have failed to score high marks.

    It’s a three-phased program under personalized guidance by Sajal sir. The focus is on identifying and highlighting the issues with your preparation (information / analysis / utilization). According to your strength and weaknesses, a tailor-made strategy is developed. And it is worked on under Sajal sir’s strict monitoring, aiming for incremental improvements every day, after every session with Sajal sir.

    Sajal sir’s marks in UPSC 2017 GS Mains paper were:

    • GS Paper 1 – 132
    • GS Paper 2 – 125
    • GS Paper 3 – 130

    Program inclusion:

    1. One-to-One mentorship by Sajal sir.
    2. Mains Test Series – 4 sectional and 12 FLTs
    3. Samachar Manthan – For holistic and comprehensive coverage of Current Affairs (without answer writing)
    4. Decimate Prelims Crash Course
    5. Prelims Full-Length Tests – To prepare you for prelims (8 FLTs and 10 Current affairs)
    6. Exclusive membership to Smash Mains group in Civilsdaily’s Habitat.

    The fact that you have been missing the cut-off with a small margin (repeatedly) tells that there are some fundamental issues with your approach. The answers to which you might or might not have. For bringing the change you have to work upon its execution as well. (Realization is not enough). And bringing that to fruition is not possible in isolation. Now onwards, it should be a guided process under a meticulously designed plan.

    It is all about redesigning the machinery which is unable to convert your knowledge and analysis into marks in Mains. And you know it – Fewer marks in mains, very low chances of seeing your name in the final list.

    What makes Smash Mains unique?

    Individual attention and approachability are the USPs of this program.

    Not putting Penguins among the Fowls – You already know how to write an average answer (you’re missing it by a few marks actually). You want to know how to increase your score from 90 to 110-115. The approach followed by other institutes in their Test series is the same for a veteran and a complete newbie and here lies the problem. Without personalized one-to-one interaction with someone like Sajal sir (who has scored these awesome marks), it will be difficult for you to rectify these minute yet very important shortcomings.

    Evaluation is a strength of this program and we put it on a high priority. Sajal sir himself is involved in the process, unlike other institutes where evaluation is outsourced to those who themselves might not have appeared for mains (It’s bizarre). It shouldn’t be based on ‘model answers’ as there are 3-4 ways of approaching an answer. Only a seasoned player will be able to go beyond these model answers and be able to appreciate your approach (If it’s innovative) even if it differs from the model answers provided.

    Test copies get checked in a time-bound manner. The questions, answers and material provided are of the highest quality.

    Always on time and insightful discussions end with a reality check and motivation to perform better in the next test.

    Emphasis on execution and utilization of knowledge – Mains is not only about knowledge but the way you express the relevant knowledge in the most optimum manner.

    Sajal sir’s interventions are highly specific and not generalized. Sitting right in front of you he walks you through each and every question. Always there, he will not let you lose your focus.

    We deliver what we promise.

    Progression of Smash Mains 2021:

    Phase 1: June

    Identifying the fundamental flaws in your Answers. Working on them with Sajal sir.

    Phase 2: June-July

    Prelims- This is the first hurdle. Decimate Prelims course will be provided here. We’ll work on strategy and the way to attempt a prelims paper here. Detailed scrutiny of your prelims papers will be done via 1-1 personalized settings – Are you risk-averse or risk-taker, whether you are using (Tikdams), silly mistakes made, whether you are getting the factual questions wrong.

    Phase 3: October onwards

    After Prelims- Mains Test series each followed by one-to-one detailed and in-depth interaction with Sajal sir. Final refinements are done in this phase. Value addition material, as well as pointers, will be provided here. We will work with you to ensure you have enough material for value addition. Our focus will be on providing tips that add the missing X factor to your answers.

    What our students have to say about Smash Mains?

    Read this answer here. Other answers here

    The Batch of Smash Mains Program will start from 30th May.

    To enroll click here.

    Fill up SAMANVAYA form to get in touch with us for 1 on 1 mentorship given below.

    Civilsdaily Samanvaya 1-On-1 Mentorship Form

    Field will not be visible to web visitor
  • ISRO and its Missions/Important Submarines in News

    20th May 2021

    1.RISAT-2B: An all-seeing radar imaging satellite

    • The PSLV-C46 is set to launch RISAT-2B from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota.

    RISAT Constellation

    • RISAT-2B, short for “Radar Imaging Satellite-2B”, is the second in a series of satellites used to observe weather conditions on Earth using radar imagery.
    • RISAT-2 was the first satellite in the series, launched for the purpose of surveillance. RISAT-1 was launched later, to become India’s first all-weather radar imaging satellite.
    • RISAT-2B is to be followed by RISAT-2BR1, 2BR2, RISAT-1A, 1B, 2A and so on.
    • ISRO orbited its first two radar satellites in 2009 & 2012 and it plans to deploy four or five of them in 2019 alone.
    • A constellation of such space-based radars means a comprehensive vigil over the country.
    • Once operational, the satellite will be capable of monitoring weather day and night, in all weather conditions.

    2.Phase 4 of Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV)

    • The Union Cabinet has approved ongoing GSLV continuation programme Phase-4 consisting of five GSLV flights during the period 2021-2024.
    • The will enable the launch of 2 tonne class of satellites for Geo-imaging, Navigation, Data Relay Communication and Space Sciences.
    • It will meet the demand for the launch of satellites at a frequency up to two launches per year, with maximal participation by the Indian industry.

    About GSLV

    • GSLV Continuation Programme was initially sanctioned in 2003, and two phases have been completed and the third phase is in progress and expected to be completed by Q4 of 2020-21.
    • GSLV has enabled independent access to space for 2 tonne class of satellites to Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO).
    • One of the significant outcomes of the GSLV Continuation Programme is the mastering of the highly complex cryogenic propulsion technology, which is an essential technological capability to launch communication satellites to GTO.
    • This has also paved the way for the development of a high thrust Cryogenic engine & stage for the next-generation launch vehicle i.e. GSLV Mk-lll.
    • With the recent successful launch of GSLV-F11 on 19th December 2018, GSLV has successfully orbited 10 national satellites.
    • GSLV with the indigenous Cryogenic Upper Stage has established itself as a reliable launch vehicle for communication, navigation and meteorological satellites and also to undertake future interplanetary missions.

    3.Mission Shakti (Anti-Satellite Missile Test)

    • In an incremental advance, India has successfully conducted an Anti-Satellite (ASAT) missile test, named Mission Shakti.
    • India becomes the fourth country in the world to demonstrate the capability to shoot down satellites in orbit.
    • So far, only the United States, Russia and China have this prowess.

    Mission Shakti

    • While Mission Shakti may have targeted an object in outer space, India has long developed the ability to intercept incoming missiles.
    • In 2011, a modified Prithvi missile mimicked the trajectory of a ballistic missile with a 600-km range.
    • The DRDO-developed Ballistic Missile Defence (BMD) Interceptor Missile successfully engaged an Indian orbiting target satellite in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) in a ‘Hit to Kill’ mode.
    • The interceptor missile was a three-stage missile with two solid rocket boosters.

    4.Young Scientist Programme (YUVIKA)

    Young Scientist Programme

    • ISRO has launched a special programme for School Children called “Young Scientist Programme” “YUva VIgyani KAryakram from this year.
    • The Program is primarily aimed at imparting basic knowledge on Space Technology, Space Science and Space Applications to the younger ones with the intent of arousing their interest in the emerging areas of Space activities.
    • The residential training programme will be of around two weeks duration during summer holidays and it is proposed to select 3 students each from each State/ UTs to participate in this programme covering state, CBSE, and ICSE syllabus.
    • Those who have just finished 9th standard (in the academic year 2018-19) and waiting to join 10th standard (or those who have started 10th Std just now) will be eligible for the programme.
    • The selection will be based on the 8th Std marks.
    • Students belonging to the rural area have been given special weightage in the selection criteria.

    5.PSLV-C45/ Emisat Mission

    • For the sheer number of ‘firsts’ to its credit, the scheduled PSLV-C45/Emisat mission scheduled will be a memorable one for the ISRO.

    PSLV-C45/Emisat

    • C-45, which is set for lift-off from the second launchpad at Sriharikota, will mark the 47th flight of the PSLV.
    • It is meant for electromagnetic spectrum measurements, according to the ISRO.
    • It will be released into an orbit at 749 km.
    • EMISAT is primarily based on on the famous Israeli spy satellite called SARAL or (Satellite with ARgos and ALtika), and inherits its SSB-2 bus protocol for conducting sharp electronic surveillance across the length and breadth of India.
    • The satellite would serve as the country’s roving device for detecting and gathering electronic intelligence from enemy radars across the borders as it circles the globe roughly pole to pole every 90 minutes or so.
    • For the third successive PSLV mission, the ISRO plans to reuse the rocket’s spent fourth stage or PS4 to host short experiments.

    6.ISRO, French agency to set up a maritime surveillance system

    • ISRO and its French counterpart CNES has sealed an agreement to set up a joint maritime surveillance system in the country.
    • The two nations will explore putting up a constellation of low-Earth orbiting satellites.

    Oceansat-3-Argos Mission

    • The system will be augmented with the launch of Oceansat-3-Argos mission in 2020 along with a joint infrared Earth-observation satellite.
    • These will identify and track the movement of ships globally – and in particular, those moving in the Indian Ocean region where France has its Reunion Islands.
    • Before that, they will initially share data from their present space systems and develop new algorithms to analyse them, according to the Paris based National Centre for Space Studies.
    • They work together for the design and development of joint products and techniques, including those involving Automatic Identification System (AIS), to monitor and protect the assets in land and sea.

    7. Use of Space Technology in Agriculture Sector

    • The Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare has been pro-active in using the space technology in the agricultural sector. Take a look of various initiative in the aid of farmers:

    Various institutional measures

    1. The Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare established a Centre, called Mahalanobis National Crop Forecast Centre, in 2012.
    2. It works for operationalization of the space technology developed in the Indian Space Research Organization, for crop production forecasting.
    3. The Soil and Land Use Survey of India uses satellite data for soil resources mapping.

    8. India’s communication satellite GSAT-31 launched successfully

    GSAT-31

    1. It was launched in an elliptical Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit with a perigee (nearest point to Earth) of 250 km and an apogee (farthest point to Earth) of 35,850 km, inclined at an angle of 3.0 degree to the equator.
    2. With a lift-off mass of 2536 kg, GSAT-31 will augment the Ku-band transponder capacity in Geostationary Orbit.
    3. The satellite will provide continuity to operational services on some of the in-orbit satellites.
    4. GSAT-31 will provide DTH Television Services, connectivity to VSATs for ATM, Stock-exchange, Digital Satellite News Gathering (DSNG) and e-governance applications.
    5. The satellite will also be used for bulk data transfer for a host of emerging telecommunication applications.
    6. It is India’s 40th communication satellite which is configured on ISRO’s enhanced ‘I-2K Bus’, utilising the maximum “bus capabilities” of this type.

    9.ISRO launches Human Space Flight Centre in Bengaluru

    Human Space Flight Centre (HSFC)

    1. The HSFC, the hub of ISRO’s future manned missions, was inaugurated at ISRO headquarters in Bengaluru.
    2. Announced on August 15 2018, the country’s first crewed mission is set to happen by 2022, the 75th year of Independence.
    3. HSFC shall be responsible for the implementation of Gaganyaan project — which involves mission planning, development of engineering systems for crew survival in space, crew selection and training and also pursue activities for sustained human space flight missions.
    4. HSFC will take the support of ISRO centres to implement the first developmental [crewed] flight.

    10.ISRO’s first mission of 2019 to put military satellite Microsat-R in space

    • ISRO’s first mission of 2019 will put into space a 130-kg military imaging satellite, Microsat-R.
    • C-44 will be launched from the older First Launch Pad at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota.

     Details of Launch

    1. The satellite would be placed within 15 minutes after take-off in a polar orbit 274 km away from Earth.
    2. This is much lower than any of its civil Earth observation spacecraft, which fly pole to pole over the globe at between 400 km and 700 km.

    Payload Details

    Microsat-R

    1. Microsat-R and its payload come assembled from a handful of laboratories of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).
    2. It is meant for military use.
    3. The satellite was assembled outside and ISRO only interfaced it” with its own systems and the launch vehicle, just as it treats any customer satellite.

    11.Unispace Nanosatellite Assembly & Training Programme of ISRO

    NNATI Programme

    1. It is a capacity-building programme on Nanosatellite development.
    2. It is an initiative by ISRO to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the first United Nations conference on the exploration and peaceful uses of outer space (UNISPACE-50).
    3. The programme provides opportunities to the participating developing countries to strengthen in assembling, integrating and testing of Nanosatellite.
    4. UNNATI programme is planned to be conducted for 3 years by U.R. Rao Satellite Centre of ISRO in 3 batches and will target to benefit officials of 45 countries.

    About UNISPACE+50

    1. It is an event marking the 50th year of the first UN Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space.
    2. It is an initiative of the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA).
    3. Three such conferences held earlier recognized the potential of space and laid the guidelines for human activities and international cooperation related to outer space.

    11.ISRO successfully launches hyperspectral imaging satellite HysIS

    HysIS

    1. HysIS stands for Hyper Spectral Imaging Satellite.
    2. The objective of the probe is to provide observations within the visible, near-infrared and shortwave infrared bands of the electromagnetic spectrum.
    3. The imaging tools will help the HysIS satellite monitor atmospheric activity and climate change, while also assisting studies of Earth’s magnetic field.
    4. These observations will have a host of applications, prime among which relate to agriculture, forestry, water management, and coastal patterns.
    5. The satellite’s payload also consists of a 730W power backup, and a 64Ah Li-ion battery.
    6. It will continue to make observations until 2023 when the mission ends.
    7. After this launch, the next big event for the Indian space organisation will be its awaited mission to the moon – Chandrayaan-2 – in early 2019.

    12.GROWTH-India telescope’s first science observation

    GROWTH-India Telescope

    1. The GROWTH-India telescope was commissioned six months ago soon after which it saw first light, on the night of June 12.
    2. It is part of a multi-country collaborative initiative – known as the Global Relay of Observatories Watching Transients Happen (GROWTH) – to observe transient events in the universe.
    3. The fully robotic telescope is designed to capture cosmic events occurring over relatively shorter periods of the cosmological timescale: years, days and even hours.
    4. Universities and research institutes from the US, the UK, Japan, India, Germany, Taiwan and Israel are part of the initiative.
    5. Their primary research objective is time-domain astronomy, which entails the study of explosive transients and variable sources (of light and other radiation) in the universe.

    13.ISRO telemedicine nodes for soldiers in high-altitude areas

    Telemedicine Nodes by ISRO

    1. In a major effort to improve emergency medical support to soldiers posted in high-altitude areas, especially Siachen, the Integrated Defence Staff of the Defence Ministry and the ISRO signed an MoU to set up telemedicine nodes in critical places across the country.
    2. ISRO will establish 53 more nodes in the first phase over and above the existing 20, in various establishments of the Army, Navy and Air Force across the country.

    14.Chandrayaan-1 data confirms the presence of ice on Moon: NASA

    NASA’s Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) is testimony

    1. M3, aboard the Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft, launched in 2008 by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), was uniquely equipped to confirm the presence of solid ice on the Moon.
    2. Scientists used data from NASA’s Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) instrument to identify three specific signatures that definitively prove there is water ice at the surface of the Moon.
    3. It collected data that not only picked up the reflective properties we would expect from ice, but was also able to directly measure the distinctive way its molecules absorb infrared light, so it can differentiate between liquid water or vapour and solid ice.
    4. Most of the new-found water ice lies in the shadows of craters near the poles, where the warmest temperatures never reach above minus 156 degrees Celsius.
    5. Due to the very small tilt of the Moon’s rotation axis, sunlight never reaches these regions.

    15.ISRO set to launch its TV channel

    1. The ISRO is all set for a year-long Vikram Sarabhai centenary celebration starting in August 2019 to honour the visionary scientist and its legendary founding father.
    2. In a few months’ time, it plans to roll out a dedicated ISRO TV channel showcasing space applications, developments and science issues, targeting young viewers and people in remote areas in their language.

    Satellite launches now open to public

    1. As it strengthens its public outreach, ISRO will shortly start allowing the public to watch satellite launches from its Sriharikota launch centre.
    2. Selected students of classes 8 to 10 will be trained at ISRO for a month and taken to various laboratories and centres across the country.

    Vikram Sarabhai- the legend

    1. Sarabhai, the architect of the Indian space programme, the first ISRO chief and renowned cosmic ray scientist, was born on August 12, 1919.
    2. ISRO’s tributes to Sarabhai start with naming the first Indian moon landing spacecraft of the Chandrayaan-2 mission ‘Vikram’.
    3. Sarabhai was only 28 when he sowed the seeds of a space agency around the late 1940s and 1950s.

    16. Upgraded Vikas engine will soon boost ISRO’s rockets

    Adding more thrust

    1. The Vikas engine will improve the payload capability of PSLV, GSLV and GSLV Mk-III launch vehicles.
    2. The space agency has improved the thrust of the Vikas engine that powers all of them.

    Main beneficiary: GSLV Mk III

    1. The main beneficiary of the high-thrust Vikas engine is said to be the heavy-lifting GSLV-Mark III launcher, which ISRO expects will now put 4,000-kg satellites to space.
    2. This would be the third Mk-III and the first working one to be designated Mk III Mission-1 or M1.
    3. The first MkIII of June 2017 started with a 3,200-kg satellite and the second one is being readied for lifting a 3,500-kg spacecraft.
    4. The Vikas engine is used in the second stage of the light lifting PSLV; the second stage and the four add-on stages of the medium-lift GSLV; and the twin-engine core liquid stage of Mk-III.

    17.ISRO’s PRL scientists discover an ‘EPIC’ planet

    India in elite planet-spotting club

    1. A team from the Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, has spotted for the first time a distant planet six times bigger than Earth and revolving around a Sun-like star about 600 light-years away.
    2. EPIC 211945201b (or K2-236b) is the name given to the planet by the discovery team. The host star is named EPIC 211945201 or K2-236.
    3. With this discovery, India has joined a handful of countries which have discovered planets around stars,” PRL’s parent ISRO has announced.
    4. The discovery was made using a PRL-designed spectrograph, PARAS, to measure and confirm the mass of the new planet.

    About EPIC

    1. EPIC was found circling very close to the Sun-like star, going around it once in about 19.5 days and unlikely to be inhabitable because of its high surface temperature of around 600°C.
    2. The team found the planet to be smaller in size than Saturn and bigger than Neptune.
    3. Its mass is about 27 times Earth’s and six times that of Earth at the radius.
    4. The scientists estimate that over 60% of its mass could be made up of heavy elements like ice, silicates and iron.

    GSAT-30 spacecraft

    1. India’s telecommunication satellite GSAT-30 was successfully launched into a Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) on January 17, 2020, from Kourou launch base, French Guiana by Ariane-5 VA-251.
    2. GSAT-30 is configured on ISRO’s enhanced I-3K Bus structure to provide communication services from Geostationary orbit in C and Ku bands. The satellite derives its heritage from ISRO’s earlier INSAT/GSAT satellite series.
    3. Weighing 3357 kg, GSAT-30 is to serve as a replacement to INSAT-4A spacecraft services with enhanced coverage. The satellite provides Indian mainland and islands coverage in Ku-band and extended coverage in C-band covering Gulf countries, a large number of Asian countries and Australia.
    4. The designed in-orbit operational life of GSAT-30 is more than 15 years.

    Important Submarines in News:

    1. Indian Naval ship Sahyadri reaches Darwin, Australia for exercise KAKADU 2018

    Exercise KAKADU

    1. After having been deployed to the South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean for over four months, which included representing Indian Navy in multinational exercises MALABAR 18 at Guam and RIMPAC 18 at Hawaii, INS Sahyadri entered the Port of Darwin, Australia to participate in Exercise KAKADU 2018
    2. Indian Navy’s participation in KAKADU 18 provides an excellent opportunity to engage with regional partners and undertake multinational maritime activities ranging from constabulary operations to high-end maritime warfare in a combined environment
    3. It is aimed at enhancing interoperability and development of common understanding of procedures for maritime operations

    About the exercise

    1. Exercise KAKADU, which started in 1993, is the premier multilateral regional maritime engagement exercise hosted by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) and supported by the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF)
    2. The exercise is held biennially in Darwin and the Northern Australian Exercise Areas (NAXA)
    3. Exercise KAKADU derives its name from Kakadu National Park, which is a protected area in the northern territory of Australia, 171 km south-east of Darwin
    4. KAKADU 2018 is the 14th edition of the exercise
    5. During the exercise, professional exchanges in harbour and diverse range of activities at sea, including complex surface, sub-surface and air operations would enable sharing of best practices and honing of operational skills.

    2.Operation NISTAR Successfully Culminates with Safe Disembarkations of 38 Indian Nationals at Porbandar

    Operation NISTAR

    • INS Sunayana successfully evacuated 38 Indian Nationals at/ off Socotra Islands during a swift Humanitarian and Disaster Relief Operation (HADR), code named Operation NISTAR.
    • The Indian Nationals were stranded after severe Cyclonic Storm – Mekunu devastated the area around Socotra Island.
    • INS Sunayana was diverted from Gulf of Aden deployment to Socotra Island for search and rescue operations.

    Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) in India’s National Strategy

    • HADR operations have attracted the attention of the global community in recent years.
    • The Indian armed forces have a wide experience of disaster relief operations both at home and abroad, where they have been the core of relief operations.
    • Due to its sub-continental size, geographical location and its vulnerability to disasters, India has kept its forces ready to render assistance at short notice.
    • In the six decades since independence, India has experienced a number of natural and man-made disasters such as floods, earthquakes, famines, industrial accidents etc.
    • At the same time, India has partnered the global community in providing relief in affected regions.

    3.INS Karanj boosts Navy’s firepower

    Third Scorpene class submarine joins Naval fleet

    1. The Navy’s third state-of-the-art Scorpene class submarine, INS Karanj, has been launched
    2. The new submarine is named after the earlier Kalvari class INS Karanj, which was decommissioned in 2003
    3. This launch follows the launch of the first two Scorpene submarines — INS Kalavari and INS Khanderi.

    4.Indian Navy inducts its first Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicle

    • The Indian Navy has inducted its first Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicle (DSRV) System at the Naval Dockyard in Mumbai.

    About DSRV

    1. DSRV is used to rescue crew members stranded in submarines that get disabled. The Indian Navy joins a select group of naval forces in the world that boasts of this niche capability.
    2. The DSRV can be operated at a depth of 650 meters and can hold around 15 people.
    3. The Indian Navy in March 2016 had commissioned two DSRVs, the second will deployed at the Eastern Naval Command in Visakhapatnam.
    4. The induction of the DSRV marks the culmination of years of effort of the Indian Navy in acquiring this niche submarine rescue capability.

    Why need DSRV System?

    1. The Indian Navy currently operates submarines of the Sindhughosh, Shishumar, Kalvari Classes as well as nuclear powered submarines.
    2. The operating medium and the nature of operations undertaken by submarines expose them to high degree of inherent risk.
    3. In such an eventuality, traditional methods of search and rescue at sea are ineffective for a disabled submarine.
    4. To overcome this capability gap the Navy has acquired a third generation, advanced Submarine Rescue System considering of a Non-tethered Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicle (DSRV) and its associated equipment.

    What makes Indian DSRV special?

    1. The Indian Navy’s DSRV System is considered to be the most advanced system currently in operation globally for its capability of undertaking rescue from a disabled Submarine upto 650 m depth.
    2. It is operated by a crew of three, can rescue 14 personnel from a disabled Submarine at one time and can operate in extreme sea conditions.

    5.Indian Navy’s Deep Submergence Rescue Vessel (DSRV) Capability

    Context

    • The Indian Navy has inducted a Submarine Rescue System with a Deep Submergence Rescue Vessel (DSRV) along with associated equipment.

    Deep Submergence Rescue Vessel (DSRV)

    1. The Indian DSRV has the capability to rescue personnel from a distressed submarine (DISSUB) up to a depth of 650 m and it is the latest in terms of technology and capabilities.
    2. It has been designed and supplied to meet unique requirements of our submarines by M/s James Fishes Defence, UK.
    3. This System has a Side Scan Sonar for locating the position of the submarine in distress at sea.
    4. It will be providing immediate relief by way of posting Emergency Life Support Containers with the help of Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) for the rescue.
    5. To ensure early mobilization, the System permits rapid transportation of the Rescue System from the base to the exact location of the distressed submarine by transportation using air/land/sea vessels.

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  • UPSC Interviews 2020: Schedule your Mock + DAF questionnaire | Important topics inside

    UPSC Interviews 2020: Schedule your Mock + DAF questionnaire | Important topics inside

    Click here for DAF questionnaire and here for Important Topics

    Mock Interviews at Civilsdaily form a crucial part of UPSC interview preparation. The quality and diversity of the panel help prepare an aspirant for the actual interview at UPSC. 

    Aspirants have benefited greatly from the mock interview and the feedback they get from the panel members after their mock interview. At the same time, we work with the aspirants to improve upon the areas highlighted by the panel.

    Aspirants will also get a personalized DAF-based questionnaire based on extensive research and linkages with the issues of national and international importance.

    Upcoming Mock interview and session

    This week’s mock interview dates have been fixed.

    • Mock interview this week- 23rd May (Book your slot)   
    • Time: 10 a.m. – 7 p.m.  
    • Mode: Online 

    Interview slots will be allocated on a first-come, first-served basis. 

    Panelists for Mock Interviews: 

    1. Shri Shankar Aggarwal, IAS (retd.)
    2. Dr. Noor Mohammad, IAS (retd.)
    3. Dr. P.K. Agrawal, IAS (Retd.)
    4. Shri T. N. Thakur, IAAS (retd.)
    5. Shri V. P. Singh, IRPS
    6. Mrs.Aditi Gupta, Corporate Leadership Specialist
    7. Prof. U.M. Amin, Jamia Milia University
    8. Mr. Himanshu Arora, Economist, JNU, PMEAC 
    9. Mr. Kunal Aggarwal, IRS
    10. Mr. Debraj Das, IPS

    Tentative: Shri Harsh V. Pant (Observer Research Foundation), Shri SN Tripathi, IAS (Director IIPA), Shri Yogesh Narain (Retd. Defence Secretary), Shri Dipankar Gupta (Indian Sociologist), and others.   


    DAF questionnaire

    Detailed Application Form (DAF) is one of the most important documents that you might have filled for UPSC interviews. A major part of the interview will revolve around the information and details provided in the DAF. It is more than your CV.

    Your ability to defend your DAF before the panel is going to decide your success. Anticipating and preparing for the questions based on your DAF is an essential part of the interview preparation.

    As a part of Transcend: Interview Guidance Program for UPSC interviews we provide you a personalized and elaborate DAF-based questionnaire.

    Fill the form below for DAF questionnaire.


    Important interview topics

    • Report of 15th Finance Commission
      • Do you agree with the new criteria defined under Terms of Reference by FC?
      • What are the major challenges being faced by several states?
    • Monetisation of deficit
      • What do you understand by Monetisation of Deficit?
      • Is it a Feasible solution for an economy like India?
    • Better Relations: Onus on Pakistan
      • What responsibility does India have on this?
      • Does the Onus lie on India’s side also to extend the hands of friendship? 
    • Delhi: LG’s role redefined
      • What is the major area of tussles?
      • Do you think such steps might lead to erosion of federation and a spot on elected parties having full-fledged legislature? 
    • Reservation: reviewing 50% cap
      • Is this still needed?
      • What can be the other alternatives?
    • Regulating Social Media Influencers
      • Why such regulation needed, despite Media being considered as the 4th Pillar of democracy?
      • Spread of Fake News is because of Unaware citizenry? What’s your view on this?
      • What are the other causes?
    • Need for Agricultural reforms
      • Is the Farmer Protest right?
      • What is the cause for such unrest? 
      • Why is there such a trust deficit?
    • Nota and option of Re-Election
      • Is the option of NOTA effective in Indian Democracy?
      • What can be done then to reduce the money and muscle power? 
    • Climate Change and India
      • Why such urgency now? Immediate reasons?
      • What is India’s position in terms of mitigating CC impact? 
      • Why the burden on developing countries? 

     

    • Time to implement Uniform Civil Code
      • Do you think UCC is now the need of the hour?
      • Any challenges in its implementation? Why?
      • What is the Constitutional mandate on this?
    • India-UK bilateral ties
      • Does Brexit change the equations between India and EU?
      • What major impact can India have after the whole Brexit scenario?
    • France: Liberty and fight against terror
      • Debate on secularism and its type?
      • Is India a perfect example for positive secularism? 
    • Atma Nirbhar Bharat 3.0
      • Is this Atmanirbharta possible in India?
      • Then why 1991 LPG reforms were brought at the first instance?
      • Where are we lacking exactly?
    • Education Sector reforms
      • Will NEP fill all the existing gaps in the Education sector?
      • Is RTE successful in India?
      • Providing education in Mother Tongue- do you find some relevance in it? 
      • Then why so much focus on english medium?
    • Empowering women
      • What is the most im[ortant factor for making women really empowered?
      • Will it improve the status of the female population in the country? 
      • What are the main hindrances in empowering this section of society?
    • Monetise and Modernise Mantra for PSUs
      • Privatisation or not? Why?
      • Why not improve the existing structure rather than going for privatisation?
    • Strengthening our start-up ecosystem
      • Is India ready for a startup ecosystem?
      • Then why do they get merged with MNCs after a few years and why not they themselves striving to become a MNC?
    • Raising marriageable age for women
      • Why such notions in India?
      • Will it improve the position of women in families?
      • Do you agree with marrying a woman older than you?
    • Emerging Technologies- Global Challenges
      • Why is it creating so much of fuss?
      • A day without INTERNET and COMPUTERS/SMART DEVICES?
    • India’s Humanitarian Diplomacy
      • Why so much focus on soft diplomacy?
      • Has it provided any advantage to India in International arena?
    • Quad Summit: India’s gain
      • What gains will it bring?
      • Can it be seen as a counter attack on China?
    • India’s engagement with Africa
      • What are the stakes for India in Africa?
      • How can India take a stronghold against China there?
    • Biden Presidency and India-US ties
      • How will it be different from Trump’s Presidency?
      • Any relief for India?
      • What can be the major challenges? 
    • Afghan Peace Talks and India
      • India’s stand on Taliban?
      • Should India change its stand?
    • Relations with Nepal in Covid Era
      • We can choose our friends but not our neighbours- its relevance in nepal’s context?
    • India’s leadership in Post-Covid world
      • What are the major areas where India should focus first?
      • Can we be able to beat China on any front ?
    • India’s Vaccine Diplomacy
      • What is the idea behind this?
      • Is it not Fiscal Imprudence?
    • Challenges for India as a global power
      • Major areas of conflicts?
      • How can  India emerge to be a winner on these fronts ?
    • India and G7 summit
      • Do you think the invitation has some relevance for India?
    • RCEP: Challenges and way forward
      • What could have been the scenario if India would have joined it?
      • Is it a mature step from India’s perspective?
    • Cyber security and India’s preparedness 
      • Is India prepared on this front?
      • What are the ethical challenges involved?
      • Need for Responsible technology? How?
    • LAC pullback: nothing conceded
      • Where does India stand now after this whole stand-off scenario?
      • Will it bring some respite in the near future?
      • Why do the issues remain unresolved?
      • Can it be considered as a historical mistake?
    • Contempt of Court
      • Difference between Civil and Criminal Contempt.
      • Should it be removed?

  • (Live) Samarth 2022: Webinar for Working Professionals | How to clear UPSC exam by studying 5 hours everyday? | Registration open

    (Live) Samarth 2022: Webinar for Working Professionals | How to clear UPSC exam by studying 5 hours everyday? | Registration open

    Click here to register for the webinar

    • Webinar date: 23rd May 2021, Sunday
    • Time: 3 PM afternoon
    • Zoom link will be emailed to you.

    It’s not anybody’s guess why in general life army personnel are highly disciplined. Their precision in every field of life is emulatable. They almost internalise these everyday learnings and develop them as lifestyle traits.

    The case is very similar with the civil services aspirants too, who take up the task of clearing one of the toughest exams in India, in addition to being a working professional. Given the rigours of life, they are subjected to, they already know what they have to sacrifice and what regime they need to follow.

     Click here to register for the webinar

    If we sift through the previous year results, we can easily come across such examples. Aspirants facing the harshness of the work environment are bound to earn the incentives of time management, critical thinking and discipline. I mean, who would not remember Anu Kumari here. Despite being a working woman, a wife and a mother, she proved many of her naysayers wrong. Mind you, she was not just working but was also a lady in many life roles with a two-year-old kid wanting the comfort of a mothers presence.

    Now if she is not enough motivation, what else is! She is a shining star in our Hall of Fame. Okay, let me mention another bright example, Kunal Aggarwal. He was very well sorted and settled with a decent life at Goldman Sachs. Dream job for many. Navigating all the odds at work and busy schedules, he managed to follow the guidelines provided by Civilsdaily, he made it through in stages. There’s a story we will discuss in our webinar. He is again an example worth following. Our hall of fame is actually full of many such names.

     Click here to register for the webinar

    We can go on and on with a lineup that may never end. But the bottom line, which most of our successful working aspirants agreed with, was the time management and course curriculum they were made part of while at CD. The able guidance team and the evidence-based entire training structure pays at the end when the final recommendation list comes out. Trust me, we are elated. At times more than the students.

    So, let me invite you to the webinar which I am specifically holding for Working Professionals or Junta on the coming Sunday 23rd May at 3 PM afternoon. It will be epic in many ways. We will discuss many doubts faced by the working junta over a one-to-one live chat. Also, we will come to know about the specifics of the exam and the evolving pattern.

    Summarily, in this webinar, you can expect to learn about:

    • Mistakes that can cost you an attempt?
    • What to do to master the IAS-Exam being a working professional?
    • How to clear the exam, adhering to a “5-hour Step-by-Step learning plan”?
    • An interactive Q&A session with an experienced audience?
    • Important Civilsdaily softcopies takeaway for exam preparation.
    • Civilsdaily Joining Bonus ( Only for Sunday registrations )

    Moreover, if UPSC 2022 is your first attempt, I will call you personally.

    But for that, book your seat in this webinar by filling up a small form with your details and one specific query which you want to get addressed.

    Meet you soon!

    Click here to register for the webinar


    A quick bit about Sudhanshu Mishra:

    Sudhanshu has the first-hand experience of 3 mains and two interviews of UPSC. He has served in the defense ministry for 10 years with keen interests in regional and global geopolitics and has ample experience of various other competitive exams as well.

     Click here to register for the webinar

    For any queries reach out to hello@civilsdaily.com

     

  • THE BRUCE LEE MANTRA

    THE BRUCE LEE MANTRA

    “I fear not the man who has practiced 10,000 kicks once, but I fear the man who has practiced one kick 10,000 times.”

    You must have read this famous quote by Bruce Lee. There is a reason why Bruce lee became one of the most renowned martial arts fighter in the world. This quote by him emphasizes the importance of focused practice and a high level of proficiency. 

    Just like Bruce Lee, Practice and Proficiency can be ingredients for your success story as well.

    NO! WE ARE NOT ASKING YOU TO BECOME SOME WORLD CHAMPION, LET US LEAVE IT FOR ANOTHER DAY. But using the Bruce Lee mantra can help you with your UPSC CSE examination for sure.

    Remember PRACTICE doesn’t mean repeating the same mistakes every time but it means ASSESSING your flaws and improving every time!

    In our previous blogs, we have talked about Inconsistency and Incomplete syllabus attempts. In this blog, let us tackle the third major problem that students face – LACK OF ASSESSMENT.

    Despite finishing the syllabus and revising basic books, many students score average in prelims and mains. So, WHAT IS MISSING HERE? If you are not assessing your performance on a regular basis and practicing in an aimless way then I am sorry to say YOUR CHANCES OF CLEARING THIS PAPER ARE LESS.

    Fill the SAMANVAYA form given below and we will contact you.

    Civilsdaily Samanvaya 1-On-1 Mentorship Form

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    In our interaction with 8000+ students, Lack of assessment as an issue that manifests in many ways:

    AIMLESS MOCKS: You have heard toppers say that practice as many mocks and write as many papers as possible. But APPLY LOGIC here if you are not analyzing your mistakes and attempting the tests in the same manner then you are just practicing the same mistakes over and over again. You need a mentor not only to push you to practice more but at the same time provide you with the right assessment after each test.

    DISCIPLINE: Rome was not built in one day. Similarly, your assessment is not a one-time activity. Aspirants make the mistake of thinking that assessment is limited to getting feedback on your mains copy. Nope! not that simple. Your mentor has to work with you on a regular basis to analyze your performance. This will ensure that if you are getting unproductive, we can bring you back in the right direction as soon as possible.

    ACCOUNTABILITY: Self-accountability is necessary for this examination. But if you are also accountable to a mentor then your efficiency levels can improve faster. Don’t believe us, try it yourself.

    Already an aspirant is burdened with so much syllabus and mock tests, because of which assessment suffers. Give our Mentorship program a chance. Neutral assessment of your preparation in terms of finishing the syllabus, revision and test results can be a game-changer in your preparation.

    Let our mentors focus on your assessment, you just focus on your studies. Fill the SAMANVAYA form given below and we will contact you.

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  • THE BRUCE LEE MANTRA

    THE BRUCE LEE MANTRA

    “I fear not the man who has practiced 10,000 kicks once, but I fear the man who has practiced one kick 10,000 times.”

    You must have read this famous quote by Bruce Lee. There is a reason why Bruce lee became one of the most renowned martial arts fighter in the world. This quote by him emphasizes the importance of focused practice and a high level of proficiency. 

    Just like Bruce Lee, Practice and Proficiency can be ingredients for your success story as well.

    NO! WE ARE NOT ASKING YOU TO BECOME SOME WORLD CHAMPION, LET US LEAVE IT FOR ANOTHER DAY. But using the Bruce Lee mantra can help you with your UPSC CSE examination for sure.

    Remember PRACTICE doesn’t mean repeating the same mistakes every time but it means ASSESSING your flaws and improving every time!

    In our previous blogs, we have talked about Inconsistency and Incomplete syllabus attempts. In this blog, let us tackle the third major problem that students face – LACK OF ASSESSMENT.

    Despite finishing the syllabus and revising basic books, many students score average in prelims and mains. So, WHAT IS MISSING HERE? If you are not assessing your performance on a regular basis and practicing in an aimless way then I am sorry to say YOUR CHANCES OF CLEARING THIS PAPER ARE LESS.

    In our interaction with 8000+ students, Lack of assessment as an issue that manifests in many ways:

    AIMLESS MOCKS: You have heard toppers say that practice as many mocks and write as many papers as possible. But APPLY LOGIC here if you are not analyzing your mistakes and attempting the tests in the same manner then you are just practicing the same mistakes over and over again. You need a mentor not only to push you to practice more but at the same time provide you with the right assessment after each test.

    DISCIPLINE: Rome was not built in one day. Similarly, your assessment is not a one-time activity. Aspirants make the mistake of thinking that assessment is limited to getting feedback on your mains copy. Nope! not that simple. Your mentor has to work with you on a regular basis to analyze your performance. This will ensure that if you are getting unproductive, we can bring you back in the right direction as soon as possible.

    ACCOUNTABILITY: Self-accountability is necessary for this examination. But if you are also accountable to a mentor then your efficiency levels can improve faster. Don’t believe us, try it yourself.

    Already an aspirant is burdened with so much syllabus and mock tests, because of which assessment suffers. Give our Mentorship program a chance. Neutral assessment of your preparation in terms of finishing the syllabus, revision and test results can be a game-changer in your preparation.

    Let our mentors focus on your assessment, you just focus on your studies. Fill the SAMANVAYA form given below and we will contact you.

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  • THE BRUCE LEE MANTRA

    THE BRUCE LEE MANTRA

    “I fear not the man who has practiced 10,000 kicks once, but I fear the man who has practiced one kick 10,000 times.”

    You must have read this famous quote by Bruce Lee. There is a reason why Bruce lee became one of the most renowned martial arts fighter in the world. This quote by him emphasizes the importance of focused practice and a high level of proficiency. 

    Just like Bruce Lee, Practice and Proficiency can be ingredients for your success story as well.

    NO! WE ARE NOT ASKING YOU TO BECOME SOME WORLD CHAMPION, LET US LEAVE IT FOR ANOTHER DAY. But using the Bruce Lee mantra can help you with your UPSC CSE examination for sure.

    Remember PRACTICE doesn’t mean repeating the same mistakes every time but it means ASSESSING your flaws and improving every time!

    In our previous blogs, we have talked about Inconsistency and Incomplete syllabus attempts. In this blog, let us tackle the third major problem that students face – LACK OF ASSESSMENT.

    Despite finishing the syllabus and revising basic books, many students score average in prelims and mains. So, WHAT IS MISSING HERE? If you are not assessing your performance on a regular basis and practicing in an aimless way then I am sorry to say YOUR CHANCES OF CLEARING THIS PAPER ARE LESS.

    In our interaction with 8000+ students, Lack of assessment as an issue that manifests in many ways:

    AIMLESS MOCKS: You have heard toppers say that practice as many mocks and write as many papers as possible. But APPLY LOGIC here if you are not analyzing your mistakes and attempting the tests in the same manner then you are just practicing the same mistakes over and over again. You need a mentor not only to push you to practice more but at the same time provide you with the right assessment after each test.

    DISCIPLINE: Rome was not built in one day. Similarly, your assessment is not a one-time activity. Aspirants make the mistake of thinking that assessment is limited to getting feedback on your mains copy. Nope! not that simple. Your mentor has to work with you on a regular basis to analyze your performance. This will ensure that if you are getting unproductive, we can bring you back in the right direction as soon as possible.

    ACCOUNTABILITY: Self-accountability is necessary for this examination. But if you are also accountable to a mentor then your efficiency levels can improve faster. Don’t believe us, try it yourself.

    Already an aspirant is burdened with so much syllabus and mock tests, because of which assessment suffers. Give our Mentorship program a chance. Neutral assessment of your preparation in terms of finishing the syllabus, revision and test results can be a game-changer in your preparation.

    Let our mentors focus on your assessment, you just focus on your studies. Fill the SAMANVAYA form given below and we will contact you.

    Civilsdaily Samanvaya 1-On-1 Mentorship Form

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  • MAINS ESSENTIAL PROGRAM SUPER 50 BATCH || ENROL TODAY || LIMITED SEATS

    DON’T DELAY YOUR ANSWER WRITING ANY FURTHER.

    PROGRAM STARTS 30th MAY 2021.

    ENROLL TODAY TO START EARLY.

    LIMITED TO 50 SEATS

    20 TOTAL TESTS (8 SECTIONAL + 12 FULL LENGTH TEST)

    The postponement of UPSC prelims 2021 examination,

    Gives you an opportunity

    to get back in the game if you lost your days because of covid

    to cover up the gaps in your prelims

    to strengthen your MAINS SKILLS.

    You have been provided with a 5-MONTH window before prelims. And the fact about prelims is that it is the key to write mains but will not help you get a rank. So, take the next 2 months to polish yourself for the real deal.

    To keep your Answer writing game one step ahead, Civilsdaily is introducing Mains essential super 50 batch.

    Fill up the SAMANVAYA form to interact with us on this program and other strategies with respect to UPSC preparation.

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    What is MEP SUPER 50?

    Mains Essential Program Super 50 2021 is a personalised and Mentor guided comprehensive and intensive program for GS Mains papers. The focus is on making students understand the requirement of Mains Question, its elements, using information, and imparting answer writing skills for that.

    MEP Super 50 is inspired by our successful initiative of Smash Mains.

    Our previous year’s SMASH Mains tests have had an exceptional hit ratio in 2020 UPSC Mains.

    In 2020, 80% of students in our smash mains program were able to clear the mains examination. But to enroll in smash mains, you have to be a veteran who has written mains plus there is a review process. 

    Mep super 50 is open to all, even freshers. After having worked with so many students, we can say with utmost surety that personalized guidance can help improve your score in mains by 50-100 MARKS.

    The idea behind keeping 50 limited seats is to provide dedicated attention to all the enrolled candidates. Quality over quantity is our motto.

    PROGRAM INCLUSION:

    1. 8 Sectional tests: The whole syllabus will be divided into portions like history, economics and geography. This will ensure that even your basic static preparation and current affairs for prelims are revised alongside your mains answer writing program. Killing two birds with one stone!

    2. 12 Full-length tests: After the prelims, it is time to go full gear.

    3. Personalized discussion: You doubt why you are scoring less or how you can improve your score for the next paper. No worries! After each test there will be one on one discussion about your performance with your mentor in 48 hours.

    4. Habitat handholding: A special group created on habitat where you can put up your doubts and queries. Also can be used to interact with peers on strategies to improve your mains writing. You can also contact mentors like Sajal sir, Sukanya ma’am, Sudhanshu sir and Ajay sir. They all have interview-level experience, so utilize their experience to your benefit.

    5. Civilsdaily magazine: Your current affairs will be covered with access to our 1-year subscription.

    LIMITED TO 50 SEATS

    20 TOTAL TESTS (8 SECTIONAL + 12 FULL LENGTH TEST)

    This is what our students have to say..

    Our Philosophy behind MEP Super 50

    1. Question Formulation

    It happens under a team of experienced Civilsdaily’s faculty. Questions framed are from the most important UPSC relevant themes and papers are based on the latest pattern of UPSC.

    Our questions specifically state:

    • Whether they are straightforward or thought-provoking/analytical.
    • Whether they have subparts.
    • Why this question – similar previous year questions, the importance of the theme, etc.

    CD Innovation – Star marked questions We go the extra mile and craft unique, intellectually-stimulating questions. Marked with a star, these questions reward analytical ability and critical thinking.

    2. One-to-One Discussion on every checked copy

    We believe in personalized individual attention. This is the biggest reason why you should join our MEP SUPER 50. Students can schedule a call within 48 hours of receiving their checked copies.

    A one-to-one discussion with Mentor will not only highlight your weaknesses but will also help in tracking your improvements over the subsequent tests.

    3. Answer Checking

    Our evaluation focusses on multiple dimensions and parameters like structure, flow, presentation, contextuality, relevance to question, analytical excellence and cross-domain inter-linkages than simply on superficial, memory-based lapses.

    UPSC IAS Mains test series 2020 2021

    Evaluated answer copy – 1 (Click to download)

    Evaluated answer copy – 2 (Click to download)

    Read more about our methodology here.

    4. Model Answers

    More than just simply providing information, our model answers cover all the aspects of a question and provide enriching points to the student. They also include:

    • For ‘thought-provoking/analytical‘ type of questions, we’ll provide the best way to approach them.
    • Alternate introductions
    • Sub-headings and categorization to enhance readability and answer structure.
    • Colour coding for main arguments, reports, data, scholars, etc.
    • OTB – Out of the box points for additional marks

    5. Civilsdaily’s Handholding 

    Habitat is where everything comes together learning, doubt clearing, notes, references, mentor’s support, and a focussed community. You’re going to learn and discuss like never before. g. You can contact mentors like Sajal sir, Sukanya ma’am, Sudhanshu sir and Ajay sir. They all have interview-level experience, so utilize their experience to your benefit.

    How will your queries be resolved?

    • The moment you have a query, you post it in the group. At 11 PM, 3 AM, doesn’t matter. No need to schedule a call, or drop an email. Just drop a chat. Once our team is up, it will be resolved.
    • More often than not, your peers will take part in your doubt discussions adding a lot of value.

    Besides doubts, what else is there on Habitat?

    • #DDS sessions – We have dedicated sessions every day to resolve doubts in real-time. Never keep a doubt to yourself.
    • An ecosystem for co-learning and active learning.
    • A highly motivated community to bring flexibility and consistency to your preparation.

    UPSC IAS Mains test series 2020 2021
    Civilsdaily’s Habitat – Desktop and Mobile view

    6. Value-added material

    Current affairs magazines – Civilsdaily’s Magazines are the best in terms of comprehensive coverage, superb design, and high readability. Get them here.

    Listicles and other relevant study material – Supplementary content provided will be helpful in covering multiple related questions.

    DON’T DELAY YOUR ANSWER WRITING ANY FURTHER.

    PROGRAM STARTS 30th MAY 2021.

    ENROLL TODAY TO START EARLY.

    LIMITED TO 50 SEATS

    20 TOTAL TESTS (8 SECTIONAL + 12 FULL LENGTH TEST)

    Fill up the SAMANVAYA form to interact with us on this program and other strategies with respect to UPSC preparation.

    Civilsdaily Samanvaya 1-On-1 Mentorship Form

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  • Important Schemes Regarding MSME Sectors

     
    19th May 2021

    About MSMEs

    Revised Classification applicable w.e.f 1 July 2020
    Composite Criteria: Investment in Plant & Machinery/equipment and Annual Turnover
    Classify Micro Small Medium
    Manufacturing Enterprises and Enterprises rendering Services Investment in Plant and Machinery or Equipment:
    Not more than INR 1 cr and Annual Turnover; not more than INR 5 cr
    Investment in Plant and Machinery or Equipment:
    Not more than INR 10 cr and Annual Turnover; not more than INR 50 cr
    Investment in Plant and Machinery or Equipment:
    Not more than INR 50 cr and Annual Turnover; not more than INR 250 cr

    Credit Guarantee Trust Fund for Micro and Small Enterprises (CGTMSE)

    What is CGTMSE?

    • CGTMSE is a fund which provides a guarantee for loans given to MSEs i.e. in case borrowers fails to give back loans, the bank will get their money from this fund.
    • It is a Central Government program to promote MSMEs.
    • Government has increased corpus of fund from Rs 2500 crore to Rs 7500 crore
    • Now loans given by NBFCs can also be covered under this fund

    Udyami Mitra’ portal

    • Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) has revamped its Udyami Mitra with enhanced features.
    • The portal was launched to improve the accessibility of credit for the MSMEs.
    • It helps MSMEs for submission of loan applications which can be picked up by multiple lenders.
    • It aims at bringing in transparency in the processing of loans by the banks.
    • Now non-banking finance companies and small finance banks are being on-boarded on the platform for enhancing the flow of credit to MSMEs.
    • Under the new capitalisation plan, banks will have to compete for loans through the revamped udyamimitra portal.

    A Scheme for Promotion of Innovation, Rural Industry and Entrepreneurship (ASPIRE)

    • ASPIRE has been launched on 16.03.2015 with an objective to set up a network of technology centres, incubation centres to accelerate entrepreneurship and also to promote start-ups for innovation and entrepreneurship in the rural and agriculture-based industry with a fund of Rs.210 crores.
    • The planned outcomes of ASPIRE are setting up Technology Business Incubators (TBI), Livelihood Business Incubators (LBI) and creation of a Fund of Funds for such initiatives with SIDBI.

    Prime Ministers Employment Generation Programme, PMEGP

    • Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) is a nodal implementation agency at the national level.
      At State and district level, State offices of KVIC, Khadi and Village Industries Boards (KVIBs) and District Industry Centres (DIC) are the implementing agencies.

    Objectives

    • To generate continuous and sustainable employment opportunities in Rural and Urban areas of the country
    • To provide continuous and sustainable employment to a large segment of traditional and prospective artisans, rural and urban unemployed youth in the country through setting up of micro-enterprises.
    • To facilitate the participation of financial institutions for higher credit flow to the micro sector.

    Eligibility

    • Individuals above 18 years of age
    • VIII Std. pass required for the project above Rs.10.00 lakhs in manufacturing and above Rs. 5.00 lakhs for Service Sector
    • Self Help Groups and Charitable Trusts
    • Institutions registered under Societies Registration Act- 1860
    • Production-based Co-operative Societies

    Salient features of the scheme

    • The Scheme is implemented through KVIC and State/UT Khadi & V.I. Boards in Rural areas and through District Industries Centres in Urban and Rural areas in ratio of 30:30:40 between KVIC / KVIB / DIC respectively.
    • No income ceiling for setting up projects.
    • Assistance under the Scheme is available only to new units to be established.
    • Existing units or units already availed any Govt. Subsidy either under State/Central Govt. Schemes are not eligible.
    • Any industry including Coir Based projects excluding those mentioned in the negative list.
    • Per capita investment should not exceed Rs. 1.00 lakhs in plain areas and Rs. 1.50 lakhs in Hilly areas.
    • The maximum project cost of Rs. 25.00 lakhs in the manufacturing sector and Rs. 10.00 lakhs in Service Sector.
    Credit Linked Capital Subsidy Scheme (CLCSS) -CLCSS aims at facilitating technology up-gradation of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) by providing 15% capital subsidy (limited to maximum Rs.15 lakhs) for purchase of Plant & Machinery.

     

    -Maximum limit of eligible loan for calculation of subsidy under the scheme is Rs.100 lakhs. Presently, more than 1500 well established/improved technologies under 51 sub-sectors have been approved under the Scheme.

    UDYAM SAKHI

    It is a network for nurturing social entrepreneurship creating business models revolving around low-cost products and services to resolve social inequities.

    Mission

    • Udyam Sakhi seeks to encourage women entrepreneurs and to aid, counsel, assist and protect their interests. It also preserves free competitive enterprise and to maintain and strengthen the overall economy of our nation.
    • The Udyam Sakhi helps Indian women to start, build and grow businesses. It recognises that women entrepreneur in the industry is critical to economic recovery and strength, in building the nation’s future, and to helping India compete in today’s global marketplace.
    Samadhan Portal The portal aims at empowering micro and small entrepreneurs across country to directly register their cases relating to delayed payments by Central Ministries, Departments, CPSEs, State Governments. The Samadhaan portal will give information about pending payment of MSEs with individual CPSEs/Central Ministries, State Governments, etc.

     

    The CEO of PSEs and Secretary of Ministries concerned will also be able to monitor cases of delayed payment under their jurisdiction and issue necessary instructions to resolve the issues.

    The portal will facilitate monitoring of delayed payment in more effective manner. The information on portal will be available in public domain, thus exerting moral pressure on defaulting organisations. The MSEs will also be empowered to access portal and monitor their cases.

    Zero Defect, Zero Effect

    • ZED Scheme aims to rate and handhold all MSMEs to deliver top quality products using clean technology.
    • It will have sector-specific parameters for each industry.
    • ZED Scheme is meant to raise quality levels in unregulated MSME sector which is an engine of growth for the Indian economy.
    • The scheme will be the cornerstone of the Central Government’s flagship Make in India programme, which is aimed at turning India into a global manufacturing hub, generating jobs, boosting growth and increase incomes.

    National Schedule Caste and Schedule Tribes (SC/ST) Hub

    • Ministry of  Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) is implementing a scheme of  National Schedule Caste and Schedule Tribes (SC/ST) Hub.
    • The Hub is set up to provide professional support to SC/ST entrepreneurs to fulfil the obligations under the Central Government Public Procurement Policy for Micro and Small Enterprises Order 2012, adopt applicable business practices and leverage the Stand-Up India initiatives.
    • The functions of Hub include collection, collation and dissemination of information regarding SC/ST enterprises and entrepreneurs, capacity building among existing and prospective SC/ST entrepreneurs through skill training and EDPs, vendor development etc.
    • Four special subsidy schemes/programmes have been approved under National SC/ST Hub namely
      • Single Point Registration Scheme
      • Special Marketing Assistance Scheme (SMAS)
      • Performance & Credit Rating Scheme and
      • Special Credit Linked Capital Subsidy Scheme.

    SFURTI

    • As per the revised guidelines, the following schemes are being merged into SFURTI:
    1. The Scheme for Enhancing Productivity and Competitiveness of Khadi Industry and Artisans
    2. The Scheme for Product Development, Design Intervention and Packaging (PRODIP)
    3. The Scheme for Rural Industries Service Center (RISC) and
    4. Other small interventions like Ready Warp Units, Ready to Wear Mission, etc.

    Objectives of Scheme

    • To organize the traditional industries and artisans into clusters to make them competitive and provide support for their long term sustainability and economy of scale;
    • To provide sustained employment for traditional industry artisans and rural entrepreneurs;
    • To enhance the marketability of products of such clusters by providing support for new products, design intervention and improved packaging and also the improvement of marketing infrastructure;
    • To equip traditional artisans of the associated clusters with the improved skills and capabilities through training and exposure visits;
    • To make provision for common facilities and improved tools and equipment for artisans to promote optimum utilization of infrastructure facilities;
    • To strengthen the cluster governance systems with the active participation of the stakeholders, so that they are able to gauge the emerging challenges and opportunities and respond to them in a coherent manner;
    • To build up innovated and traditional skills, improved technologies, advanced processes, market intelligence and new models of public-private partnership s, so as to gradually replicate similar models of cluster-based regenerated traditional industries
    • To look for setting up of multi-product cluster with an integrated value chain and a strong market-driven approach for viability and long term sustainability of the cluster;
    • To ensure convergence from the design stage with each activity of the cluster formation and operations thereof.
    • To develop specific product lines out of the currently offered diversified basket of heterogeneous products based on the understanding of the target consumer segment. A brand unification exercise also needs to be done to maximize the value.

    Trade-Related Entrepreneurship Development Assistance Scheme (TREAD) Women entrepreneurship programme

    • There is a provision of Govt of India Grant up to 30% of Loan/credit sanctioned subject to a maximum ceiling of 30 Lakhs to NGOs as appraised by Lending Institutes/Banks for undertaking capacity building activities such as Training, counselling, participation in exhibitions, the establishment of new SHGs etc and other components as approved by Bank/Steering Committee.
    • The non-farming activities taken up by women are Tailoring, Handicrafts, Embroidery, Toy making, Readymade garments, Candle making, Agarbatti making, paper cup and plate making, Masala powder making, Saree weaving, Coir mat making, Pickles making, Readymade garments, basketry and brooms making, Jute bag making etc.
    • The focus of the scheme is to promote self-employment and income generation activities for women mostly from SHG groups in the non-farm sector.

    Samanvaya: Free 1-to-1 mentorship for UPSC IAS

    Fill up this form to schedule a free on-call discussion with senior mentor from Civilsdaily. Once submitted we will call you within 24 hours.

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  • Promoting Science and Technology – Missions, Policies & Schemes

    18th May 2021
     

    National Mission on Quantum Technology and Applications (NM-QTA)

    About NM-QTA

    • The mission will function under the Department of Science & Technology (DST).
    • It will be able to address the ever-increasing technological requirements of society and take into account the international technology trends.
    • The mission will help prepare next-generation skilled manpower, boost translational research and also encourage entrepreneurship and start-up ecosystem development.

    Recent applications

    • Recently, DRDO has successfully demonstrated communication between its two labs using Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) technology.
    • In June 2020, China demonstrated quantum communication technology using the satellite Micius, by conducting a secret conference between two ground stations about 1,120 km apart.
    • They used the satellite not to transmit the entire communication, but to simultaneously send a pair of secret keys to the two ground stations.
    • Other potential applications include secure communication, fast computers that established quantum supremacy, sensors, and quantum-inspired devices.

    Quantum Technology

    • Quantum Technology is based on the principles of quantum theory, which explains the nature of energy and matter on the atomic and subatomic level.
    • It concerns the control and manipulation of quantum systems, with the goal of achieving information processing beyond the limits of the classical world.
    • Its principles will be used for engineering solutions to extremely complex problems in computing, communications, sensing, chemistry, cryptography, imaging and mechanics.
    • This key ability makes quantum computers extremely powerful compared to conventional computers when solving certain kinds of problems like finding prime factors of large numbers and searching for large databases.

    What is Quantum Mechanics?

    • It is a fundamental theory in physics which describes nature at the smallest – including atomic and subatomic – scales.
    • At the scale of atoms and electrons, many of the equations of classical mechanics, which describe how things move at everyday sizes and speeds, cease to be useful.
    • In classical mechanics, objects exist in a specific place at a specific time.
    • However, in quantum mechanics, objects instead exist in a haze of probability; they have a certain chance of being at point A, another chance of being at point B and so on.

    Science Technology and Innovation Policy (STIP), 2020

    Aim: To identify and address the strengths and weaknesses of the Indian STI ecosystem to catalyse socio-economic development of the country and also make the Indian STI ecosystem globally competitive.

    The philosophy behind

    • Unlike previous STI policies which were largely top-driven in the formulation, this policy follows core principles of being decentralized, evidence-informed, bottom-up, experts-driven, and inclusive.
    • It aims to be dynamic, with a robust policy governance mechanism that includes periodic review, evaluation, feedback, adaptation and, most importantly, a timely exit strategy for policy instruments.
    • The STIP will be guided by the vision of positioning India among the top three scientific superpowers in the decade to come; to attract, nurture, strengthen, and retain critical human capital through a people-centric STI ecosystem

    The Open Science Framework

    Open Science fosters more equitable participation in science through-

    • Increased access to research output;
    • Greater transparency and accountability in research; inclusiveness;
    • Better resource utilization through minimal restrictions on reuse of research output and infrastructure and
    • Ensuring a constant exchange of knowledge between the producers and users of knowledge

    Inclusion principles

    • The STIP proposes that at least 30 per cent representation be ensured for women in all decision-making bodies, as well as “spousal benefits” are provided to partners of scientists belonging to the LGBTQ+ community.
    • Among the proposals in the policy is the removal of bars on married couples being employed in the same department or laboratory.
    • As of now, married couples are not posted in the same department, leading to cases of loss of employment or forced transfers when colleagues decide to get married.
    • The policy says that for age-related cut-offs in matters relating to the selection, promotion, awards or grants, the “academic age” and not the biological age would be considered.

    Funding improvements

    • At 0.6% of GDP, India’s gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) is quite low compared to other major economies that have a GERD-to-GDP ratio of 1.5% to 3%.
    • This can be attributed to inadequate private sector investment (less than 40%) in R&D activities in India; in technologically advanced countries, the private sector contributes close to 70% of GERD.
    • STIP has made some major recommendations in this regard, such as the expansion of the STI funding landscape at the central and state levels.
    • It has enhanced incentivisation mechanisms for leveraging the private sector’s R&D participation through boosting financial support and fiscal incentives for industry.

    40th Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica (ISEA)

    • The Indian Antarctic Program is a multi-disciplinary, multi-institutional program under the control of the National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences.
    • It was initiated in 1981 with the first Indian expedition to Antarctica.
    • The program gained global acceptance with India’s signing of the Antarctic Treaty and subsequent construction of the Dakshin Gangotri Antarctic research base in 1983, superseded by the Maitri base from 1990.
    • The newest base commissioned in 2015 is Bharati, constructed out of 134 shipping containers.

    Indian mission on the Arctic

    • Himadri Station is India’s first Arctic research station located at Spitsbergen, Svalbard, Norway. It is located at the International Arctic Research base, Ny-Ålesund.
    • It was inaugurated on the 1st of July, 2008 by the Minister of Earth Sciences. It is followed by IndARC.
    • The United States Geological Survey estimates that 22% of the world’s oil and natural gas could be located beneath the Arctic.
    • ONGC Videsh has signed joint venture with Russia for oil exploration there.

    Digital Ocean’: the Digital Platform for Ocean Data Management

    Digital Ocean

    • Digital Ocean is a first of its kind digital platform for Ocean Data Management.
    • The platform will be promoted as a platform for capacity building on Ocean Data Management for all Indian Ocean Rim countries.
    • It would help share ocean knowledge about the ocean with a wide range of users including research institutions, operational agencies, strategic users, the academic community, and the maritime industry and policymakers.
    • It also provides free access to information to the general public and the common man.
    • It will play a central role in the sustainable management of our oceans and expanding ‘Blue Economy’ initiatives.

    Its’ features

    • It includes a set of applications developed to organize and present heterogeneous oceanographic data by adopting rapid advancements in geospatial technology.
    • It facilitates:
    1. Online interactive web-based environment for data integration,
    2. 3D and 4D (3D in space with time animation) data visualization,
    3. Data analysis to assess the evolution of oceanographic features,
    4. Data fusion and multi-format download of disparate data from multiple sources viz., in-situ, remote sensing, and model data, all of which is rendered on a georeferenced 3D Ocean

    Certification of ‘Quantum Entanglement’

    What is Quantum Entanglement (QE)?

    • QE is the name given to a special connection between pairs or groups of quantum systems, or any objects described by quantum mechanics.
    • It is one of the biggest parts of quantum mechanics that makes it hard to understand in terms of the everyday world.
    • When we look at particles, we usually say that each particle has its own quantum state. Sometimes, two particles can act on one another and become an entangled system.
    • When a pair or group of particles can only be described by the quantum state for the system, and not by individual quantum states, we say the particles are “entangled”.

    Going bit technical here-

    • It is the physical phenomenon that occurs when a pair or group of particles is generated; interact, in a way such that the quantum state of each particle of the pair or group cannot be described independently of the state of the others.
    • Entangled states are key resources to facilitate many quantum information processing tasks and quantum cryptographic protocols.

    Why decode the Entanglement?

    • Entanglement is fragile and is easily lost during the transit of photons through the environment.
    • Hence it is extremely important to know whether a pair of photons are entangled, in order to use them as a resource.
    • Verification of entanglement requires the use of measurement devices, but such devices may be hacked or compromised.

    How to secure QE?

    • Device-independent self-testing (DIST) is a method that can be used in order to overcome such a possibility.
    • This method enables the verification of entanglement in an unknown quantum state of two photons without having direct access to the state, or complete trust in the measurement devices.
    • The theory relies on the application of the quantum uncertainty principle while implementing full device independence is a difficult task.

    Shodh Shuddhi

    Shodh Shuddhi

    • The union Ministry of HRD has launched the Plagiarism Detention Software (PDS) “Shodh Shuddhi”.
    • This service is being implemented by Information and Library Network (INFLIBNET), an Inter University Centre (IUC) of UGC.
    • PDS will significantly help to improve the quality of research outcome by ensuring the originality of ideas and publication of the research scholars.
    • Initially, about 1000 Universities/ Institutions (Central Universities; Centrally Funded Technical Institutions (CFTIs); State Public Universities; Deemed Universities; Private Universities; Inter University Centre (IUCs) & Institutes of National Importance are being provided with this service.

    What is Plagiarism?

    • Plagiarism is the “wrongful appropriation” and “stealing and publication” of another author’s “language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions” and the representation of them as one’s own original work.
    • Plagiarism is considered academic dishonesty and a breach of journalistic ethics.

    Central Equipment Identity Register (CEIR)

    • International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) is supposed to be a unique identity of a mobile phone device.
    • IMEI number being programmable, some miscreants do reprogram the IMEI number, which results in cloning of IMEI causing multiple phone devices with same IMEI number.
    • As on date, there are many cases of cloned/duplicated IMEI handsets in the network.
    • If such IMEI is blocked, a large number of mobile phones will get blocked being handsets with same IMEI causing inconvenience to many genuine customers.
    • Thus, there is a need to eliminate duplicate/fake IMEI mobile phones from the network.
    • Accordingly, a project called Central Equipment Identity Register (CEIR) system has been undertaken by the DoT for addressing security, theft and other concerns including reprogramming of mobile handsets.

    Superconductivity

    Superconductivity

    • Superconductivity is a phenomenon of exactly zero electrical resistance and expulsion of magnetic flux fields occurring in certain materials, called superconductors, when cooled below a characteristic critical temperature.
    • A material is said to be a superconductor if it conducts electricity with zero resistance to the flow of electrons.
    • Until now, scientists have been able to make materials superconduct only at temperature much below zero degree C and hence making practical utility very difficult.
    • They help build very high efficiency devices leading to huge energy savings.

    Silver embedded gold matrix

    • The material that exhibited superconductivity is in the form of nanosized films and pellets made of silver nanoparticles embedded in a gold matrix.
    • Interestingly, silver and gold independently do not exhibit superconductivity.

    Redefined units of measurement of kilogram, Kelvin, mole and ampere


    • The General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) at BIPM held on 16 November 2018 has unanimously adopted the resolution to redefine four of the seven base units.
    • These included kilogram (SI unit of weight), Kelvin (SI unit of temperature), mole (SI unit of amount of substance), and ampere (SI unit of current).
    • The new SI is being implemented worldwide from 20th May 2019 i.e. the World Metrology Day.

    Global standards of Kg

    • The global standards for measurement are set by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM), of which India became a member in 1957.
    • At BIPM in Sèvres, near Paris, stands a cylinder of platinum-iridium locked in a jar.
    • Since 1889, the kilogram has been defined as the mass of this cylinder, called Le Grand K, or International Prototype Kilogram (IPK).
    • In India, CSIR-NPL maintains the National Prototype Kilogram (NPK-57), which is calibrated with IPK.

    Redifining Kg

    • The IPK was the last physical artifact used to define any of the fundamental units.
    • IPK would put on a little extra mass when tiny dust particles settled on it; when cleaned, it would shed some of its original mass.
    • Scientists have long stressed that the fundamental units should be defined in terms of natural constants.
    • On November 16, 2018 representatives of 60 countries agreed that the kilogram should be defined in terms of the Planck constant.
    • The Planck constant is a quantity that relates a light particle’s energy to its frequency.
    • Using a machine called a Kibble balance, in which the weight of a test mass is offset by an electromagnetic force, the value of the Planck constant was fixed, the kilogram was redefined.

    How was this achieved?

    • The new definition for kilogram fits in with the modern definitions for the units of time (second) and distances (metre).
    • Today, the second is defined as the time it takes for a certain amount of energy to be released as radiation from atoms of Caesium-133.
    • By its modern definition, a metre is the distance travelled by light in vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second (which is already defined).
    • This is where the Planck constant comes in.
    • It has been measured precisely at 6.626069… × 10^(-34) kilograms per second per square metre.
    • With the second and the metre already defined, a very precise definition for the kilogram

    Benefits of recalibration

    • What was 1 kg earlier is still 1 kg today. An updated kilogram doesn’t mean that weights everywhere will be thrown off balance.
    • All that has changed is the definition, for the sake of accuracy.
    • A mass measured as 1 kg earlier would have meant 1 kg, plus or minus 15-20 micrograms.
    • Using the new definition, a mass measured as 1 kg will mean 1 kg, plus or minus 1 or 2 nanograms.

    About World Metrology Day

    • The World Metrology Day (WMD) is celebrated annually on this very day as the Metre Convention was signed by representatives of seventeen nations on May 20, 1875.
    • The Convention set the framework for global collaboration in the science of measurement and in its industrial, commercial and societal applications.

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  • National Parks, Biosphere Reserves, Wildlife Sanctuaries in India

    17th May 2021
     

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  • Laws Related To Environment Conservantion In India

     
    15th May 2021

    1.Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1981

    • The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 an Act of the Parliament of India to control and prevent air pollution in India
    • It was amended in 1987
    • The Government passed this Act in 1981 to clean up our air by controlling pollution.
    • It states that sources of air pollution such as industry, vehicles, power plants, etc., are not permitted to release particulate matter, lead, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or other toxic substances beyond a prescribed level

    Key Features

    The Act specifically empowers State Government to designate air pollution areas and to prescribe the type of fuel to be used in these designated areas.

    According to this Act, no person can operate certain types of industries including the asbestos, cement, fertilizer and petroleum industries without consent of the State Board.

    The main objectives of the Act are as follows:

    (a) To provide for the prevention, control and abatement of air pollution

    (b) To provide for the establishment of central and State Boards with a view to implement the Act(Central Pollution Control Board and State Pollution Control Board)

    (c) To confer on the Boards the powers to implement the provisions of the Act and assign to the Boards functions relating to pollution

     

    2.Environmental (Protection) Act of 1986

    • Environment Protection Act, 1986 is an Act of the Parliament of India
    • In the wake of the Bhopal Tragedy, the Government of India enacted the Environment Protection Act of 1986 under Article 253 of the Constitution
    • Passed in March 1986, it came into force on 19 November 1986
    • The Act is an “umbrella” for legislations designed to provide a framework for Central Government, coordination of the activities of various central and state authorities established under previous Acts, such as the Water Act and the Air Act.
    • In this Act, main emphasis is given to “Environment”, defined to include water, air and land and the inter-relationships which exist among water, air and land and human beings and other

    Objective of the Act

    The purpose of the Act is to implement the decisions of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment of 1972, in so far as they relate to the protection and improvement of the human environment and the prevention of hazards to human beings, other living creatures, plants and property.

     

    3.The Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation and Control) Rules, 17 July 2000

    The rules are framed under the jurisdiction of Environment (Protection) Act.

    Objectives and Key Features

    • These Rules set the deadlines for phasing out of various ODSs, besides regulating production, trade import and export of ODSs and the product containing ODS.
    • These Rules prohibit the use of CFCs in manufacturing various products beyond 1st January 2003 except in metered dose inhaler and for other medical purposes.
    • Similarly, use of halons is prohibited after 1st January 2001 except for essential use.
    • Other ODSs such as carbon tetrachloride and methylchoroform and CFC for metered dose inhalers can be used upto 1st January 2010.
    • Since HCFCs are used as interim substitute to replace CFC, these are allowed up to 1st January 2040.

     

    4.The Energy Conservation Act of 2001

    As a step towards improving energy efficiency, the Government of India has enacted the Energy Conservation Act in 2001.

    Objective

    The Energy Conservation Act, 2001 is the most important multi-sectoral legislation in India and is intended to promote efficient use of energy in India.

    Key Features

    The Act specifies energy consumption standards for equipment and appliances, prescribes energy consumption norms and standards for consumers, prescribes energy conservation building codes for commercial buildings and establishes a compliance mechanism for energy consumption norms and standards.

     

    5.Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)

    • In order to implement the various provisions of the EC Act, Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) was operationalised with effect from 1st March, 2002. The EC Act provides a legal framework for energy efficiency initiatives in the country. The Act has mandatory as well as promotional initiatives.
    • The Bureau is spearheading the task of improving the energy efficiency in various sectors of the economy through the regulatory and promotional mechanism. The primary objective of BEE is to reduce energy intensity in the Indian economy.
    • This is to be demonstrated by providing policy framework as well as through public-private partnership.

     

    6.Forest Conservation Act of 1980

    Background

    First Forest Act was enacted in 1927.

    Alarmed at India’s rapid deforestation and resulting environmental degradation, Centre Government enacted the Forest (Conservation) Act in1980.

    Objective

    It was enacted to consolidate the law related to forest, the transit of forest produce and the duty livable on timber and other forest produce.

    Key Features

    • Under the provisions of this Act, prior approval of the Central Government is required for diversion of forestlands for non-forest purposes.
    • Forest officers and their staff administer the Forest Act.
    • An Advisory Committee constituted under the Act advises the Centre on these approvals.
    • The Act deals with the four categories of the forests, namely reserved forests, village forests, protected forests and private forests.

     

    7.The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010

    Background

    During the Rio de Janeiro summit of United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in June 1992, India vowed the participating states to provide judicial and administrative remedies for the victims of the pollutants and other environmental damage.

    Key Features

    It was enacted under India’s constitutional provision of Article 21, which assures the citizens of India the right to a healthy environment.

    The specialized architecture of the NGT will facilitate fast track resolution of environmental cases and provide a boost to the implementation of many sustainable development measures.

    NGT is mandated to dispose the cases within six months of their respective appeals.

    Enabling Provision

    It is an Act of the Parliament of India which enable the creation of NGT to handle the expeditious disposal of the cases pertaining to environmental issues.

    Members

    The sanctioned strength of the tribunal is currently 10 expert members and 10 judicial members although the act allows for up to 20 of each.

    The Chairman of the tribunal who is the administrative head of the tribunal also serves as a judicial member.

    Every bench of the tribunal must consist of at least one expert member and one judicial member.

    The Chairman of the tribunal is required to be a serving or retired Chief Justice of a High Court or a judge of the Supreme Court of India.

    Jurisdiction

    The Tribunal has Original Jurisdiction on matters of “substantial question relating to environment” (i.e. a community at large is affected, damage to public health at broader level) & “damage to environment due to specific activity” (such as pollution).

    The term “substantial” is not clearly defined in the act.

     

    8.The Coastal Regulation Zone Notifications

    Background

    The coastal stretches of seas, bays, estuaries, creeks, rivers and back waters which are influenced by tidal action are declared “Coastal Regulation Zone” (CRZ) in 1991.

    CRZ notifications

    India has created institutional mechanisms such as National Coastal Zone Management Authority (NCZMA) and State Coastal Zone Management Authority (SCZMA) for enforcement and monitoring of the CRZ Notification.

    These authorities have been delegated powers under Section 5 of the Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 to take various measures for protecting and improving the quality of the coastal environment and preventing, abating and controlling environmental pollution in coastal areas.

    Key Features

    Under this coastal areas have been classified as CRZ-1, CRZ-2, CRZ-3, CRZ-4. And the same they retained for CRZ in 2003 notifications as well.

    CRZ-1: these are ecologically sensitive areas these are essential in maintaining the ecosystem of the coast. They lie between low and high tide line. Exploration of natural gas and extraction of salt are permitted

    CRZ-2: these areas form up to the shoreline of the coast. Unauthorised structures are not allowed to construct in this zone.

    CRZ-3: rural and urban localities which fall outside the 1 and 2. Only certain activities related to agriculture even some public facilities are allowed in this zone

    CRZ-4: this lies in the aquatic area up to territorial limits. Fishing and allied activities are permitted in this zone. Solid waste should be let off in this zone.

     

    9.Wildlife Protection Act, 1972

    Background

    In 1972, Parliament enacted the Wild Life Act (Protection) Act.

    Objective

    The Wild Life Act provides for

    1. state wildlife advisory boards,
    2. regulations for hunting wild animals and birds,
    3. establishment of sanctuaries and national parks, tiger reserves
    4. regulations for trade in wild animals, animal products and trophies, and
    5. judicially imposed penalties for violating the Act.

    Key Features

    • Harming endangered species listed in Schedule 1 of the Act is prohibited throughout India.
    • Hunting species, like those requiring special protection (Schedule II), big game (Schedule III), and small game (Schedule IV), is regulated through licensing.
    • A few species classified as vermin (Schedule V), may be hunted without restrictions.
    • Wildlife wardens and their staff administer the act.
    • An amendment to the Act in 1982, introduced a provision permitting the capture and transportation of wild animals for the scientific management of animal population.

     

    10.Biological Diversity Act, 2002

    Background

    The Biological Diversity Bill was introduced in the Parliament in 2000 and was passed in 2002.

    Objective:

    India’s richness in biological resources and indigenous knowledge relating to them is well recognized

    The legislation aims at regulating access to biological resources so as to ensure equitable sharing of benefits arising from their use

    Key Features

    • The main intent of this legislation is to protect India’s rich biodiversity and associated knowledge against their use by foreign individuals and organizations without sharing the benefits arising out of such use, and to check biopiracy.
    • This bill seeks to check biopiracy, protect biological diversity and local growers through a three-tier structure of central and state boards and local committees.
    • The Act provides for setting up of a National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), State Biodiversity Boards (SBBs) and Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs) in local bodies. The NBA will enjoy the power of a civil court.
    • BMCs promote conservation, sustainable use and documentation of biodiversity.
    • NBA and SBB are required to consult BMCs in decisions relating to use of biological resources.
    • All foreign nationals or organizations require prior approval of NBA for obtaining biological resources and associated knowledge for any use.
    • Indian individuals/entities require approval of NBA for transferring results of research with respect to any biological resources to foreign nationals/organizations.

    11.Recycled Plastics Manufacture and Usage Rules, 1999

    Objective

    A rule notified in exercise of the powers conferred by clause (viii) of Sub Section (2) of Section 3 read with Section 25 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986) with the objective to regulate the manufacture and use of recycled plastics, carry bags and containers;

    Key Features

    1. Thickness of the carry bags made of virgin plastics or recycled plastics shall not be less than 20 microns.
    2. Carry bags and containers made of virgin plastic shall be in natural shade or white.
    3. Carry bags and containers made of recycled plastic and used for purposes other than storing and packaging food stuffs shall be manufactured using pigments and colorants as per IS:9833:1981 entitled “List of Pigments and Colorants” for use in Plastics in contact with food stuffs, pharmaceuticals and drinking water.
    4. Recycling of plastics shall be under taken strictly in accordance with the Bureau of Indian Standards specifications IS:14534:1988 entitled “The Guidelines for Recycling of Plastics”.

     


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  • Important Rebellion

     
    14th May 2021

    Important Rebellions

    Causes of the rebellions

    • After seizing the power and starting their rule the British caused dislocation in ways Indian were used to. The areas in which the change was felt the most were viz. economy, administration and land revenue system.
    • The British rule which adversely affected the interests of all sections of society had intensified the land revenue. The only interest of the company was the realization of maximum revenue with minimum effort. Consequently, settlements were hurriedly undertaken, often without any regard for the resources of the land.
    • Traditional landed aristocracy suffered no less. Their estates were confiscated and they suddenly found themselves without a source of income, unable to work, ashamed to beg, condemned to penury.
    • British rule also meant misery to artisans and handicraftsmen. The annexation of Indian states by the Company cut off their major source of patronage. Also, the British policy discouraged Indian handicraft and promoted British goods.
    • The new courts and legal system gave a further fillip to the dispossessors of land and encouraged the rich to oppress the poor. Flogging, torture and jailing of the cultivators for arrears of rent or land revenue or interest on debt were quite common. The ordinary people were also hard hit by the prevalence of corruption at the lower levels of the police, judiciary and general administration.

    Sanyasi Uprising, Bengal- (1770-1820s)

    • At least three separate events are called the Sannyasi Rebellion. One refers to a large body of Hindu sannyasis who travelled from North India to different parts of Bengal to visit shrines. En route to the shrines, it was customary for many of these ascetics to exact a religious tax from the headmen and zamindars or regional landlords
    • However, since the East India Company had received the Diwani or right to collect the tax, many of the tax demands increased and the local landlords and headmen were unable to pay both the ascetics and the English.
    • The other two movements involved a sect of Hindu ascetics, the Dasnami naga sannyasis who likewise visited Bengal on pilgrimage mixed with moneylending opportunities.
    • To the British, these ascetics were looters and must be stopped from collecting money that belonged to the Company and possibly from even entering the province. It was felt that a large body of people on the move was a possible threat.
    • The sanyasis retaliated by organising raids on the Company’s factories and state treasuries. Only after prolonged military action could Warren Hastings contain the raids by the sanyasis.

    Chuar uprising

    • Towards the end of the 18th century, certain portions of the district around Raipur was affected by the Chuar rebellion.
    • The leader of the rebels was Durjan Singha, a former zamindar of Raipur. He had a following of about 1,500 men and created havoc in certain areas.
    • The uprising lasted from 1766 to 1772 and then, again surfaced between 1795 and 1816.

    Moplah Rebellions, Malabar (1835-1921)

    • The Moplah rebellions of Malabar, South India, were not only directed against British but also the Hindu Landlords.
    • The relations of the Arabs traders with the Malayali society can be traced back to the ninth century. The traders helped the local Hindu chieftains and were granted concessions.
    • Many of the Arab traders settled in Malabar marrying mostly Nayar and Tiyar women, and the subsequent descendants came to be known as Moplahs.
    • In the traditional Malabar land system, the Jenmi held land by birthright and were mostly highcaste Hindus, and let it out to others for cultivation.
    • The other main sections of the Malabar society were the Kanamdar, who were mostly Moplahs, the verumpattamdar (cultivators) and agricultural labourers. The peasants were mostly the Muslim Moplahs.
    • The land was given by the ruling raja to Namboodiri Brahmins whose obligation was to look after the temple and related institutions, and to the chieftains (mostly Nayars), who provided martial aid when needed.
    • Traditionally, the net produce of the land was shared equally between the three.
    • But during the reign of Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan, Namboodiri Brahmins and Nayar Chiefs fled and the subsequent vacuum was filled by the Moplahs.
    • The conflict arose when after Malabar’s cession to the British in 1792 and the return of the exiled Namboodiri Brahmins and Nayars, the government re-established and acknowledged their landlord rights.
    • The British by recognizing the Jenmis as the absolute owners of the land gave them the right to evict the tenants at will.
    • This reduced the other two to the status of tenants and leaseholders.
    • The courts and the law officers sided with the Jenmis. Once the Jenmi landlords, who had the backing of the revenue officials, the law court and the police started tightening their hold and demands on the subordinate classes, the Moplah peasantry rose up in revolt.
    • The first outbreak occurred in 1836 and during the period of 1834-54, there were 22 uprisings, with the ones in 1841 and 1849 being quite serious.
    • The second phase of the revolt was recorded in 1882-85, while another spate of outburst in 1876 was also there.

    Poligar Rebellions, Kurnool (1799-1805)

    • The Poligars of Dindigal and Malabar rose up against the oppressive land revenue system under the British during 1801-06.
    • The sporadic rising of the Poligars in Madras Presidency continued till 1856.
    • In September 1799, in the first Polygar War, the poligars of Tirunelveli District rose up in open rebellion.
    • Kattabomma Nayak of Panchalamkurichi was considered as the main leader of the rebellion. Though he managed to escape initially, he was later captured in Pudukottai, and publicly hanged in front of other Polygars as a warning.
    • The Second Polygar war of 1800-01, given the magnitude of participation, is also known as the “South Indian Rebellion”.
    • The rebellion broke out when a band of Polygar armies bombed the British barracks in Coimbatore.
    • The suppression was followed by signing of the Carnatic Treaty on July 31, 1801, whereby the British assumed direct control over Tamil Nadu.
    • The Polygar system, which had flourished for two and half centuries, came to a violent end and the company introduced the Zamindari settlement in its place.

    Ramosi Risings (1822, 1825-26)

    • The Ramosis, the hill tribes of the Western Ghats, had not reconciled to British rule and the British pattern of administration.
    • They rose under Chittur Singh in 1822 and plundered the country around Satara. Again, there were eruptions in 1825-26 and the disturbances continued till 1829.
    • The disturbance occurred again in 1839 over deposition and banishment of Raja Pratap Singh of Satara, and disturbances erupted in 1840-41 also. Finally, a superior British force restored order in the area.

    Kolhapur and Savantvadi Revolts (1844)

    • The Gadkaris were a hereditary military class which was garrisoned in the Maratha forts.
    • These garrisons were disbanded during an administrative reorganisation in Kolhapur state after 1844. Facing the spectre of unemployment, the Gadkaris rose in revolt and occupied the Samangarh and Bhudargarh forts.
    • Similarly, the simmering discontent caused a revolt in Savantvadi areas.
    • A number of Sawantwadi rebels were tried for treason and sentenced to various terms of imprisonment.
    • Ultimately, after the imposition of martial law and meting out brutal punishment to the rebels, the order could be restored in Sawantwadi region.

    Santhal Rebellion

    • The Santhals of Rajmahal Hills resented the oppression by revenue officials, police, money-lenders, landlords—in general, by the “outsiders’ (whom they called diku).
    • The Santhals under Sido and Kanhu rose up against their oppressors, declared the end of the Company’s rule and asserted themselves independent in 1854.
    • It was only in 1856 after extensive military operations that the situation was brought under control. Sido died in 1855, while Kanhu was arrested in 1866.
    • A separate district of Santhal Parganas was created by the Government to pacify the Santhals.

    Khond Uprising

    • The Khonds lived in vast hill tracts stretching from Tamil-nadu to Bengal, covering central provinces, and in virtual independence due to the inaccessible mountainous terrain.
    • Their uprisings from 1837 to 1856 were directed against the British, in which the tribals of Ghumsar, china-ki-medi, Kalahandi and Patna actively participated.
    • The movement was led by Chakra Bisoi in the name of the young Raja.
    • The main issue was the attempt by the government to suppress human sacrifice (Mariah), the introduction of new taxes by the British and the influx of Zamindars and sahookars (money-lenders) into their areas which was causing the tribals untold misery.
    • The British formed a Maria agency, against which the Khonds fought with Tangi, a king of battle-axe, bows-arrows and even swords.
    • Latter Savaras and some local militia clans also joined in, led by Radha Krishna Dand Sena. Chakra Bisoi disappeared in 1855 after which the movement petered out.

    Early Munda Uprising (1789-1832)

    • In the period of 1789-1832, the Munda rose up in rebellion seven times against the landlords, dikhus, money-lenders and the British, who instead of protesting them sided with the oppressors.
    • In the post-1857 period with a hope of a better future, many Mundas turned to the Evangelical Lutheran mission, which was overseeing mission work in Chhotanagpur.
    • However, many apostates became more militant and broke away, spearheading the cause of seeking redressal of their grievances once they realized that the missionaries could not provide the solution to them.
    • Their movement identified as ‘sardariladai’ or ‘war of the leaders’ was fought with the aim of expelling dikhus; and restoration of the Munda domination over their homeland.
    • The tribal chiefs rose up against the erosion of Khuntkatti System or Joint tenures.
    • While it failed it did not peter out but remained dormant and in need of a charismatic leader. It was given a new life by Birsa Munda in 1899.

    Bhils and Kolis Uprisings:

    • The Bhils were concentrated in the hill ranges of Khandesh in the previous Maratha territory. The British occupation of this region in 1818 brought in the outsiders and accompanying dislocations in their community life.
    • A general Bhil insurrection in 1817-19 was crushed by the British Military forces and though some conciliatory measures were taken to pacify them, they again revolted under the leadership of Seva Ram in 1825 and the situation remained unsettled until 1831 when the Ramosi Leader Umaji Raje of Purandhar was finally captured and executed.
    • Minor revolts again took place in 1836 and 1846 as well.
    • The Bhils’ local rivals for power, the Kolis of Ahmednagar district, also challenged the British in 1829 but were quickly subdued by a large army contingent.
    • The seeds of rebellion, however, persisted, to erupt again in 1844-46, when a local Koli leader successfully defied the British government for two years.

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    Important List

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  • (3 pm,today) Webinar by Sudhanshu sir | How to crack UPSC IAS exam in the very first attempt?

    (3 pm,today) Webinar by Sudhanshu sir | How to crack UPSC IAS exam in the very first attempt?

    Register here for the webinar (click here)

    Those who have registered will get the Zoom link at 2 pm.


    Webinar Date: 16th May 2021

    Timings: 3 PM

    As complicated as it may appear, the UPSC Civil services exam is more about carrying nerves. It’s also about maintaining discipline for the time being and till you succeed. Nor the subjects are esoteric or unheard of. But the character for one to be able to sacrifice the beauty called life and family is rare. Your stay in the game with the zeal to come out winning is very important.

    Philosophy aside, but keeping the practical elements in mind, let’s dig a little deeper.  Also, find out what it takes for one to jump that threshold and what our toppers have said. Why have they not been able to clear earlier and what changes they made to succeed?. These are the most sought-after info and are available on the internet. But from an individual’s perspective, one can not ignore his/her inconclusiveness due to lack of a distinct plan or direction.

    Hence, we are coming up with an open session. To counter myths and give some facts which will help you see the light on the other side of the tunnel about the exam.

    In this open session, we are going to give a clear insight which is important for one to save time, energy, and effort. Which might otherwise be getting wasted in the wrong direction? This is important because for an individual the first year is the year with maximum energy, expectation from self, go-getter attitude, etc..

    Register here for the webinar (click here)

    We tend to get lost in the sea of advice and sources of studies. To save one from such torrents of information, it’s sometimes said that we need to better know “what not to follow than what to follow”.

    Anyways such hypotheses aside, your time in this open session is going to be full of interaction. Some previous year aspirants are also expected to be present. We do expect that all your confusion about the exam will get clear.

    Attendees can expect some takeaways too in the form of softcopies relevant to the exam. They will be available to you via email once you have done the registration for the open session.

    In this webinar, Sudhanshu Mishra, Core-Faculty@Civilsdaily will give you an overview:

    – What UPSC expects out of you?

    – Avoiding Mistakes which can cost you an attempt?

    – What to do to master the IAS-Exam?

    – How to clear the exam -Step-by-Step learning plan?

    – An interactive Q&A session with an experienced audience?

    – How to clear the exam in the very first attempt?

    – Important Civilsdaily softcopies takeaway for exam preparation.

    A quick bit about Sudhanshu Sir :

    Sudhanshu Sir has firsthand experience of 3 mains and two interviews of UPSC. He has served in the defence ministry for 10 years with keen interests in regional and global geopolitics and has ample experience of various other competitive exams as well. 

    Register here for the webinar (click here)