Q.1) Criminalising Triple Talaq is Unnecessary Overkill. Critically discuss
Q.8) Do you think India is right in opposing WTO deal to end fisheries subsidies? Critically analyse
(i) Apologise from the leader so that you are not transferred.
(ii) Asks your husband who also knows some senior minister to help you get out of the matter.
(iii) Be firm on your stand and decide to go to your new posting.
(iv) Highlighting the matter in the media to get more people support.
Q.1) If India Wants to Remain Secular, the New Citizenship Bill Isn’t the Way to Go? Critically Comment.
Q.6) Discuss the pros and cons of increasing the area of pictorial warnings in Ciggerate packs?
Q.10) What do you understand by Block-chain technology? Discuss its potential and challenges of using it.
Source: https://www.cnbc.com/2016/02/29/the-challenges-of-using-blockchain-technology.html
Ethics test
Before we deep-dive into the topic, have a look at the TED talk below.
Broadly speaking, Stem cells is a naïve/immature/unspecialized cell that can
i. divide to form similar cells (self renewal) and
ii. develop into different specialized cells that perform distinct function
A. Classification of Stem Cells
Depending on their ability (potency) to develop into different specialized cells, stem cells can be
Depending on from where they come from different places in the body or are formed at different times in our lives. These include
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) which exist only at the earliest stages of development
Adult stem cells also called somatic stem cells that appear during fetal development and are present in different tissues of our bodies throughout life.
Induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs cells are not found in the body but engineered in a laboratory from cells of the body, such as those from the skin. The iPSC cells have properties similar to those of embryonic stem cells.
A fertilised egg has a totipotency for about 3-4 days. It then remains turns into a multipotent cell. Finally specializes further.
B. Stem Cell Therapy
C. Advantages
D.Challenges in SCT
E.Applications of SCT
F. India and Stem Cell Therapy
N4S
Genetic Engineering concepts, specially their applications highlight the practical implications of Biotechnology. Hence, they become the most important area for UPSC. Students are expected to be thorough with it.
Genetic Engineering is an overarching term referring to modification of an organism’s genome. Here is a summary video outlining important techniques and applications which you might find interesting.
The techniques of genetic engineering include the creation of recombinant DNA, use of gene cloning and gene transfer.
A. Recombinant DNA technology
Recombinant DNA technology involves several steps in specific sequence such as
1.isolation of DNA,
2.fragmentation of DNA,
3.isolation of a desired DNA fragment,
4.ligation of the DNA fragment into a vector,
5.transferring the recombinant DNA into the host,
6.culturing the host cells in a medium at large scale and extraction of the desired product.
The DNA molecule thus produced is called recombinant DNA.
B. Gene Cloning
It is the creation of a genetic copy of a sequence of DNA or of the entire genome of an organism.
It is usually done through two approaches: Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer(SCNT) and Artificial Embryo Twinning
1.Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer(SCNT)
2. Artificial Embryo Twinning
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FvjWKip6Pm8
Summing up the similarities and differences
| Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer(SCNT) | Artificial Embryo Twinning | |
| Differences | Genetic information is inserted in an enucleated egg cell. | Cells of an embryo are manually divided. |
| Similarities | An exact genetic copy is made.
A surrogate mother is used |
An exact genetic copy is made.
A surrogate mother is used |
C. Gene Silencing
Certain genes in a cell may be defective and could cause undesirable traits. The process of regulation or suppression of such genes is called Gene Silencing.
RNA Interference(RNAi) and Antisense Technology are two common processes by which this is achieved. More details are not required.
D. CRISPR-Cas9
CRISPR-Cas9 technique has appeared extensively in news
Salient features
E. Gene splicing
Gene splicing is the process of chemically cutting DNA in one organism and inserting it into the DNA strand of a vector, usually a plasmid. The DNA is cut using special chemicals called restriction enzymes. Through this technique, microorganisms are genetically engineered. Gene splicing primarily involves the following steps
1.Cutting of DNA or genes from the donor cell.
Tool Used – Chemicals called restriction enzymes. Restriction enzymes are chemicals extracted from certain strains of bacteria. Different restriction enzymes recognize and cut at particular nuclear sequences.
2.Transportation of the cut or desired DNA
A.DNA Micro injection – Direct Micro-injection of the chosen gene.
B.Retrovirus mediated gene transfer. Retroviruses are used as vectors to transfer genetic material taking advantage of their natural ability to infect host cells and insert their DNA into host cell DNA.
C.Embryonic Stem Cell mediated gene transfer.
APPLICATIONS
A. Three-parent babies
Three-parent babies have repeatedly remained in news. The world’s first three-parent baby was born in 2016 in Mexico to Jordanian parents.
In 2017, UK became the first country to give licenses to use this technique to prevent incurable genetic diseases being inherited by children.
Remember we had very briefly touched upon the Mitochondria when we discussed the Cell and the Nucleus. Mitochondria contains mtDNA and mutations in it can give rise to various genetic disorders. Since mtDNA is transferred from mother to child, these disorders are also transferred. The three-parent babies technique tries to overcome this shortcoming by preventing the transfer of mitochondria from mother to child.
There are 2 versions – Pronuclear Transfer and Spindle Transfer
Pronuclear Transfer
Spindle Transfer
https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/how-make-three-parent-baby
B.Gene Therapy
It is a technique through which a new DNA is introduced into a patient to treat a genetic disease. The new DNA usually contains a functioning gene to correct the effects of a non-functioning or disease causing gene.
A four-year old girl became the first gene therapy patient. She had adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency, a genetic disease which left her defenseless against infections.
There are two types of gene therapy:
Somatic Gene Therapy: The genes are transferred into the somatic cells of a patient. Any modifications and effects will be restricted to the individual patient only and will not be inherited by the offspring.
Germline Gene Therapy: The genes are transferred into the germ cells(sperm or eggs). This would allow the therapy to be heritable and passed onto the offspring.
C. Genetic Modification of Plants(GM Crops)
The DNA of plants used in agriculture are modified using genetic engineering techniques
There are two primary processes through which plants are modified:
Cisgenic: Genes are artificially transferred between organisms that could be conventionally bred i.e. from a crossable or sexually compatible plant.
Transgenic: Genes from a non-plant species or from a donor plant that is sexually incompatible with the recipient plant are inserted, which is a form of horizontal gene transfer
Biotech firms make use of the following technologies to ensure sterile seeds and crops with specific properties
Terminator Technology: It is the genetic modification of plants to make them produce sterile seeds. They are also known as suicide seeds.
Traitor Technology: Traitor technology can allow traits in genetically modified seeds to be switched on and off by using special proprietary chemicals.
D. In-vitro Fertilization
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J1xHUA_fiQ4
It is the process of fertilization by extracting eggs, retrieving a sperm sample, and then manually combining an egg and sperm in a laboratory dish. The embryo(s) is then transferred to the uterus to induce pregnancy.
N4S
Biotechnology is one of the most important topics with at least 1 question in both prelims and mains year after year. Nevertheless, it remains a major pain point for students. They have issues right from understanding the most basic terms like chromosomes, DNA, RNA, gene, codons, amino acids, proteins, etc. to recent breakthroughs.
Understanding the level of depth expected by the exam is the key to cracking the topic. NCERTs and other reference books are detailed and technical than required.
We will start with the basics, develop a conceptual understanding and then move to contemporary breakthroughs.
The figure below depicts the basic hierarchy within a cell.
1. Cell
Cells are basic building blocks of all living organisms. Cells make up tissues which makeup organs and then organ systems further on.
There are 2 kinds of cells – Prokaryotic(pro=before and karyos=nucleus) and Eukaryotic(eu=with)
Prokaryotic Cells – These are simpler more archaic cells lacking most basic cell organelle including nuclei. DNA is present in the cytoplasm. Eg.Bacteria
Eukaryotic Cells – These cells are well differentiated and contain many cell organelle. The genetic material is sequestered inside the nucleus. All plant and animal cells are examples of eukaryotic cells.
https://www.difference.wiki/prokaryotic-cell-vs-eukaryotic-cell/
The organelles of Animal and Plant cells are highlighted in the figure given below.
We will discuss the two most important organelles from the point of view of the exam.
Nucleus – contains all the genetic material(code to replicate the cell and conduct all its functions). Genetic material is in the form of Chromosomes.
Mitochondria – Besides the nuclear DNA contained in the nucleus, cells have organelles called Mitochondria which contains Mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA or Maternal DNA. This is exclusively passed down from mothers to children(we do not inherit any Mitochondrial DNA from our fathers). We will revisit this organelle again when we discuss 3-parent-baby technique.
The rest are given in the table below –
In the next segment, we will cover Chromosomes, DNA, and Genes. The following figure will come in handy.
2. Chromosomes
Chromosomes are thread-like structures present in the nucleus.
These are nothing but DNA tightly coiled around a protein called histone. (just like a thread wound around a cardboard tube).
From the above figure, you can conclude,
3. Deoxyribonucleic Acid(DNA)
https://i.pinimg.com/736x/73/6c/eb/736ceb06de3858d85d5b8669845f912c–complementary-dna-nitrogenous-base.jpg
DNA is called the blueprint of life because it contains the genetic code which are instructions needed for an organism to grow, develop, survive and reproduce. DNA does this by controlling protein synthesis, a process we will explain later but not in much detail. For now, simply understand that Proteins are the most important material in our body. Many would associate them with muscles but they also aid the production of enzymes which are responsible for conducting all chemical processes and reactions within the body. So, it could be derived that protein synthesis is responsible for all activities carried on by the body and it is controlled by the genes.
The famous Double Helix model for the structure of DNA as shown in the above image is one of the most well-known models.
The salient features
4. Genes and Alleles
Genes, as we know, are hereditary markers from which we derive various characteristics like skin color, height, etc. More technically, each DNA molecule consists of sequences of Genes. Each gene is a particular set of instructions for specific functions. Eg. globin gene would aid the production of hemoglobin, another gene would do so for insulin, so on and so forth. Each gene naturally consists of a sequence of nucleotides and base pairs.
Alleles are alternate form genes which correspond to the same characteristic but provide for variations in that characteristic. A very crude example is as follows –
Assume a hen. A particular gene would be responsible for the color of its feathers, say black and white. Hence we say the same gene has 2 variants. Hence they are known as Alleles. Naturally, the nucleotide sequence in them will differ.
5. Codons, Amino acids, Peptides, and Proteins
While describing DNA, we said that it helps with Protein Synthesis, a very fundamental process to sustain life. The concept of codons helps establish the link between Genes and protein synthesis reactions.
Each Gene can be represented as a sequence of codons where codons are a sequence of base triplets – meaning 3 bases combine together to form a Codon.
Each codon corresponds to a specific Amino acid. Eg. AUG codon corresponds to the Amino acid Methionine. Amino Acids combine together to form a particular peptide chain. The peptide chains undergo a structural transformation to form 3-Dimensional molecules called proteins.
Types of Proteins in a Human Body
| S No. | PROTEIN | FUNCTION | EXAMPLES |
| 1 | Enzymes | Facilitate biochemical reactions | Lactase, Pepsin |
| 2 | Hormonal | Messenger proteins that help to coordinate bodily activities | Insulin, Oxytocin |
| 3 | Structural | Provide support | Keratin, Collagen |
| 4 | Contractile | Responsible for movement | Actin, Myosin |
| 5 | Transport | Move molecules from one place to another | Haemoglobin, Cytochromes |
6. Genotype and Phenotype
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lYAHx7NiF3g
7. Ribonucleic Acid(RNA)
The bridge between DNA and protein synthesis is RNA.
RNA is chemically similar to DNA, except that it contains ribose as its sugar and substitutes the nitrogenous base uracil for thymine.
It is single-stranded rather than a double helix.
To get from DNA, written in one chemical language, to protein, written in another, requires two major stages, transcription and translation.
The process from DNA to RNA is known as Transcription. During transcription, a DNA strand provides a template for the synthesis of a complementary RNA strand. Transcription of a gene produces a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule.
During translation, the information contained in mRNA is used to determine the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide. Translation occurs at ribosomes.
Source: https://www.civilsdaily.com/op-ed-snap-looking-for-balance-in-power/
Source: https://www.civilsdaily.com/op-ed-snap-gender-based-laws-a-double-edged-sword/
Q.4) Critically discuss the salient features of the Financial Resolution and deposit insurance bill?
Source: https://www.civilsdaily.com/op-ed-snap-perils-of-going-cashless/
https://www.civilsdaily.com/op-ed-snap-bail-in-doubts-on-financial-resolution-legislation/
Source: https://www.civilsdaily.com/op-ed-snap-in-an-elite-club-on-indias-wassenaar-entry/
Source: https://www.civilsdaily.com/sc-eases-petcoke-ban-for-2-sectors/
https://www.civilsdaily.com/india-is-biggest-importer-of-u-s-oil-refinery-by-product-petcoke/
Source: https://www.civilsdaily.com/maternity-benefit-amendment-bill/
https://thewire.in/195658/amendment-maternity-act-tool-gender-diversity/
Q.10) Discuss the argument for and against the Women Reservation bill?
Source: https://www.civilsdaily.com/will-womens-reservation-bill-be-passed-in-lok-sabha-this-winter-session/
Ethics Questions
(i) Resign from the job and look after your child.
(ii) Continue your job and call your mother in law to look after the child or appoint a caretaker for the child.
(iii) Have an argument with your husband that why only you should compromise with your job.
(iv) Getting your child admitted in a crèche near your office
Source: https://www.civilsdaily.com/story/foreign-policy-watch-india-iran/#post-93837
Introduction
Chabahar port is located in the Gulf of Oman has been is jointly developed by India and Iran. It holds significance in strategic, economic and political ways.
Body.
Strategically, Chabahar port can be a competitor to Gwadar port and Dubai port. It will decongest the Bandar Abbas port and reduce Iran’s dependence on UAE port. It would counter Chinese presence in the Arabian sea through the support to Pakistan in developing Gwadar port. It can be used to station security vessels for merchant ships off the African coast apart from giving the country a foothold in the western Arabian Sea, which is important as many of its energy imports pass through the route.
Politically, the port development represents India’s independent foreign policy towards Iran and India’s capability to overcome the barriers to develop ties with Afghanistan. It will help India plays its role in Afghanistan to bring peace in the region.
Economically, it will strengthen India’s economic ties with Afghanistan and central Asia which is a resource rich region and has been largely neglected due to its landlocked geography. India has made several investments in infrastructure and industries such as gas discovery by ONGC, urea plant etc. in Iran. The port will further boost trade and investment and will reduce import cost of oil to India.
Conclusion
Thus Chabahar port will provide India a greater role in the region and will further help in exploring its extended neighborhood policy.
Source: https://www.civilsdaily.com/story/innovation-ecosystem-in-india/#post-93819
Introduction;
According to the Journal of Clinical Research and Bioethics , India represents 17.5% of the world’s population but conducts only 1.4% of global clinical research. This is unfortunate, considering we have all the requisite factors, such as English-speaking health-care professionals, a large number of experts, etc.
Why are we lagging behind?
Efforts done by the Government
Conclusion part
The way forward
Source: https://www.civilsdaily.com/type/oped-snap/?utm_source=websidebar&utm_medium=cpc#post-93914
Simultaneous elections in Indian context refers to holding elections to Parliament and State Assemblies(SA) simultaneously. This was practiced was discontinued some years after independence resulting in SA holding election during different time period.PM Modi and Ex-President Pranab Mukherjee recommended.
Pros of Simultaneous elections
2.Reduce expenditure on polls: Holding elections simultaneously is a costly affair since in last few decades. Holding elections together reduces expenditure made by political parties on election campaigns because of frequent elections.
3.Allows leaders not to be always engaged in campaigning: Holding elections at one time will allow the political leaders to focus more on governance rather than on election campaigning.
4.Increase in voting percentage: This would lead to improvement in voting percentage as migrant workers would have to move back to home town only once for polling their vote.
5.Reduce money spent on manpower deployment: When elections are held separately, crucial manpower has to be deployed for prolonged periods on election duty. This idea will save the large amount of money spent on manpower deployment.
Overall, conducting the election once will bring down the overall cost of conducting election in terms of distributing voter slips, bringing the staff, calling the Central personnel, delay in schemes deemed as popular, etc.
Cons of holding elections together
Conclusion:
The idea is not bad overall but there are serious challenges overall in the implementation of one nation one election. There are some basic changes which need to be made in the Constitution apart from building a consensus on this issue.
https://www.civilsdaily.com/op-ed-snap-new-india-formula/#post-94061
Finance commission is a constitutional body set up by President to provide for fiscal federalism in the country.
Finance Commission under Article 280 has following mandate:
1. Provides for percentage of tax devolution to states from Union’s collection
2. Suggest formula to divide this tax between states
3. To determine factors governing Grants-in-aids to the states and magnitude of same
4. To suggest to Presidents measures to supplement state’s financial resources for ensuring development
15th Finance Commission has given a mandate to provide performance based incentives based on
– initiatives for Ease of Doing business
– deepening of GST net
– attaining replacement rate in population growth
The commission faces challenge due to recent changes in taxation system.
– On the other hand, reducing the tax devolution is counter-federal. This would be against the cooperative federalism. State could lose fiscal autonomy.
As per the 2011 Census, a little less than a third of India has urbanized. Six years later, based largely on anecdotal information, it is clear that this trend has accelerated. The change is welcome; unfortunately, public policy has failed to keep pace. Consequently, what you see around us is urbanization through trial and error. Finance Commission should recognize that India is transforming and should make its recommendations accordingly.
Conclusion
The commission has a huge responsibility to ensure balance. None of the governments could be left with too less resources. At the end, people’s interest and good governance have to kept at the forefront. It is then clear that the 15th Finance Commission provides an enormous opportunity in setting out a blueprint for India’s future that rests on the foundation of a strong federal polity.
https://www.civilsdaily.com/story/tuberculosis-elimination-strategy/#post-94072
Introduction
Every Year 1 Lakh Children die because of diarrhoea. India is the country with the highest burden of TB. The World Health Organisation (WHO) TB statistics for India for 2016 give an estimated incidence figure of 2.79 million cases of TB for India.
Even after so much prevalence of poverty associated infections, the vaccine infrastructure in India is lacking which can be seen from the fact that the BCG vaccine that is currently in use for TB treatment in India (developed in the early 20th century) is ineffective for young people and adults.
-There is dearth of overall R&D on diseases concentrated in India
Why there is lack of investment in vaccine Development in countries like India.
Way forward
https://www.civilsdaily.com/story/health-sector/#post-94083
Introduction:
Three recent incidents involving the health-care sector in Delhi have sparked widespread outrage over the alleged mercenary motives and callous conduct of high-profile corporate hospitals
Two cases involved children with dengue who died soon after leaving these hospitals in a serious condition after their families were presented huge hospitalisation and treatment bills. The third case involved a live premature baby being “declared dead” and handed over to the parents wrapped in plastic
Major issues
Steps to improving access
Steps to improving quality of care
https://www.civilsdaily.com/op-ed-snap-let-us-be-realistic-about-the-unsc/#post-94140
Answer:
The most important Organ of United nations is UN Security Council, as it decides on major International disputes and agenda of the Secretariat.India is fighting for a permanent seat in UNSC for decades
Because Being a permanent member gives:
Other benefits
What should be India’s Strategy?
https://www.civilsdaily.com/story/trade-sector-updates/#post-94144
Reasons for this trend
What India can do to increase competitiveness?
India will have to work on multiple levels to increase its competitiveness
https://www.civilsdaily.com/story/foreign-policy-watch-india-maldives/#post-94147
Introduction:
China has been developing close cooperation with many of India’s neighbours which can be seen from the fact that they have developed ports in Pakistan, Srilanka, Myanmar and Bangladesh. India has termed China’s growing encirclement of India through port development as String of pearls policy. Furthering policy of string of pearls to encircle India, China has recently signed FTA with small Island country Maldives. This has been considered by experts as yet another diplomatic success of China in South Asia.
The recent FTA between Maldives and China have the following effects on Delhi-Male ties.
ECONOMIC effect
POLITICAL
SECURITY
Way forward:
a) India must strengthen the soft diplomacy with Male.
b) Shouldn’t involve in the Male Domestic Politics and strengthen relations with any type of Government safeguarding India’s strategic, economic and Political interests.
Conclusion
China’s growing presence in the Indian Ocean presents a challenge to India. It is creating worries as India is trying to define its place in the U.S.-led “Indo-Pacific” realignment.
https://www.civilsdaily.com/story/start-up-ecosystem-in-india/#post-93816
Introduction:
Various schemes of the Government
Schemes and initiatives of the government has played an important role in success of start-up sector in India.
State intervention and policy along with efforts of the central Government will positively affect the sector. We can see the example of Israel in this regard. Israel is the most celebrated success story of state intervention and policy creating and shaping an innovations powerhouse.
You are confused what to do. What will you do in such a situation? Will you go ahead with the marriage or not? How can they keep their ideology and personal choices separate in case they get married?
Answer:
Everyone may not have same ideology and interest in this world. People may have different political ideologies and thinking and still they may be good partners. It is about respecting a person’s individual choice.
In the above case, when all the things are settled between the families and even between the persons who are going to get married, the difference in political ideology arises. The person knows the girl from a long time. Even his family likes the girl. Political ideology may not be the sole criteria when it comes to judging compatibility between two people. If he likes the girl, he should go ahead with the marriage. He should understand that Everybody may not have same opinions. Difference of opinion is likely to happen. People may have their have our own influences, history of experiences, psychological makeup, and subjective lens through which they view the world, some differences are bound to exist or arise. If they get married, they can still lead a happy life if certain things are taken care of. He should talk to the girl and discuss it with her that what does she want. Having discussion with her is important as her opinion also matters.
If two of them get married, they can keep their ideology and personal choices separate in ways like:
It can be said that the antidotes to contempt within any relationship are fondness and admiration, both of which can be maintained and strengthened by expressing appreciation and respect. Difference of opinion on political issues does not make much difference if both partners are mature to handle them. Political differences in a relationship can work if both respect each other’s differences and are able to appreciate one another’s perspectives.
(i) Convince the family and ask them not to send their daughter to her inlaws place despite marriage being performed.
(ii) Talk to the girl and know her stand as that is most important.
(iii) Take strict action against the family under the law against child marriage.
(iv) Initiating a drive in the area in order to prevent such incidents in future.
Answer:
Child marriage is one of the evil practices that still exists in some parts of the country when we are living in 21st century. It is an outcome of broad social norms and societal pressures. Financial poverty further adds to the pressures along with low level of education.
In the above case, the girl who comes to the officer is well educated and tells him that despite her convincing the parents of the girl who are getting her married at an early age of 15 years. After talking to the family, he comes to know that the family is not well educated and its opinions are surrounded by the general perceptions of others in the community.
The various options along with their merits and demerits are discussed as:
(i) Convince the family and ask them not to send their daughter to her inlaws place despite marriage being performed.
This will save the girl from engaged in household chores at an early age of 15 years. Her parents can be convinced that though the marriage has been performed, they should not send their daughter to her in laws place since she is too small to bear family responsibilities. This way a middle solution cab ne found to the problem.
(ii) Talk to the girl and know her stand as that is most important.
The DM should talk to the girl if she has been forced to marry or the marriage is performed against her wish. Knowing her opinion on the matter is important. He should tell her about the ill effects of this evil practice and convince her that she should tell her parents not to send her to inlaws place.
(iii) Take strict action against the family under the law against child marriage.
This will send a strong signal in the area to the people as it is a common practice to marry their girls at an early age. This will set a good precedent in the area and they will be fearful of law when they think of doing so. But taking action might be a late step now as the marriage has already been performed. DM should have taken pre hand measures to create awareness among the people so that such incident would not have happened.
(iv) Initiating a drive in the area in order to prevent such incidents in future.
This will educate the people about ill effects of child marriage. Drives and campaigns can be run to tell people about importance of education for girls and tell them that girl;s are not burden. This will decrease the cases of child marriage. But such a change might not happen overnight and may take time.
The officer should take steps to create awareness in the village regarding ill effects of child marriage. Steps should be taken to increase access to accessible, high quality and safe schooling for girl students. For change to happen, the values and norms which support the practice of child marriage need to shift. Supporting young people to be agents of change can be an effective measure of bringing change in the attitude of the people in the area.
Source: https://www.civilsdaily.com/op-ed-snap-quad-confusion/
Explain about Quad Arrangement as a security dialogue between four nations. Explain about its prime motives and general perception about its initiations. Talk about the major problems associated with member countries which will halt the progress of Quad. Finally add conclusion.
Hints:
Motives of Quad Arrangement:
Major issues Quad Arrangement is facing:
Conclusion:
Source: https://www.civilsdaily.com/op-ed-snap-responsibility-without-power/
Hints:
Source: https://www.civilsdaily.com/op-ed-snap-the-danger-of-electoral-bonds/
Hints:
How it will usher a new era of transparency?
How it will endanger democracy?
Way forward:
https://www.civilsdaily.com/responding-to-the-china-pakistan-economic-corridor-challenge/
Hints:
Concerns faced by India:
What should India do?
https://www.civilsdaily.com/op-ed-snap-how-to-free-indians-from-the-medical-poverty-trap/
Hints:
Prevalence of Medical Poverty Trap in India:
Ways to free Indian’s from the medical poverty trap:
https://www.civilsdaily.com/op-ed-snap-eliminate-torture/
Hints:
As per National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), 591 people died in police custody between 2010 and 2015. In this regard, Law Commission in its recent 273rd report has recommended ratification of UN Convention on Torture and framed draft law “The Prevention of Torture Bill, 2017”.
Need for Ratification and separate law:
1.In India’s National Interest:
a)Fail to cover torture other than physical injuries.
b)Doesn’t distinguish between public servant and others.
2.Positive Implications for protection of Human Rights:
Challenges
Conclusion
As per Seventh Schedule, police and public order are state subjects. Thus, the new law for prevention of torture, should form part of wider police reforms of autonomy and capacity building needed to be undertaken by states. This will ensure effective implementation and upheld principle of justice enshrined in the constitution.
https://www.civilsdaily.com/op-ed-snap-towards-a-new-direct-tax-system/
Hints
Government has appointed a committee under Arbind Modi to draft a new tax law to replace the Income Tax act, 1961.
1.Issues with existing direct tax law:
To tackle these, single unified direct tax code was proposed in 2009. Single Unified direct tax code means all direct taxes(income tax, corporate tax, dividend distribution tax, fringe benefit tax and wealth tax) are to be brought under single code with unified compliance procedures.
2.Advantages of single unified direct tax code
For Tax Payers
For Government
For Economy
Conclusion
Success of Direct Tax Code will need well established tax infrastructure in place and gradual implementation to avoid GST like disruptions. It would be better to go with Direct Tax Code after GST gets stabilised.
https://www.civilsdaily.com/locked-out-without-a-gi-tag/
Hints:
GI status is an indication that identifies goods as produced from a particular area, which has special quality or reputation attributable to its geographical origin. This gives legal protection to the products and prevents unauthorised use of a GI by others
Some of the examples of GI includes Darjeeling Tea, Mysore Silk, Mysore Agarbathi, Kancheepuram Silk, Orissa Ikat etc.
1.Importance of GI Tags
India, as a member of the World Trade Organisation-Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (WTO-TRIPS), enacted the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999.
2.Shortcomings of Indian GI act
3.Steps Needed
Conclusion
Along with resolving shortcomings of GI act, greater support to local communities is needed to utilise the benefits of Geographical Indication as collective right.
https://www.civilsdaily.com/op-ed-snap-empowering-women-through-job-creation/
Hints:
India was ranked 108 out of 144 countries in Global Gender Gap report, 2017. It fell 21 places from last year. Gender Gap report measures the parity between men and women in 4 area: health, education, economic opportunities and political participation.
1.Reasons of Drastic fall:
Health and Survival
Political Empowerment
Economic Participation
Other Factors
2.Steps Required:{many steps can be written, but recommendation of some report will add value to answer}
As per NITI aayog 3 year plan:
Health
Education
Economic
Political Empowerment
Conclusion
Governmental steps carry huge importance but still have limitations in long term. To achieve Sustainable Development Goal 5 of Gender Equality, Education and public discourse on gender issues must become the key agents of bridging the gender gap.
Hints:
Air Quality Index has remained in severe category for Delhi in early November. Year round, Delhi’s average air quality remains 3 times worse than the national average.
1.Challenges
2.Opportunity
3.Template for other cities
4.Steps Needed {Many Steps can be written, citing some report will add value}
As per EPCA(Environmental Pollution Control Authority) multi-dimensional Action Plan
Road Dust
Vehicular Emission
Industrial Pollution:
Residue Burning:
Conclusion
Tackling pollution in Delhi by implementation of EPCA multi-dimensional action plan is crucial as India aims to have sustainable cities acting as engines of growth.
(UPSC mains 2017)
Model Answer:
The savings ratio a big determinant of economic activity. Investment depends on saving rate If people save more, it enables the banks to lend more to firms for investment. An economy where savings are very low means that the economy is choosing short-term consumption over long-term investment. To starve the economy of investment can lead to future bottlenecks and shortages. Therefore, saving rate are most effective determinant. Thus, saving rate is the most effective factor for India’s potential growth.
The reduction in saving rate in India because of decline in Private saving and Government saving has been past few years
Other factors available for growth potential are following:
Foreign investment: it will increase the growth potential of the country. FDI and FII are the routes for foreign investment. FDI not just provides capital but also the technology for carrying out operations in India.
Foreign aid: it also helps in boosting investment in the country. It adds to the capital stock of the country.
Investment rate: it has also significant impact on the growth of the country. More is the investment, better would be the chances of growth of the economy.
ICOR: Incremental Capital Output Ratio (ICOR) is the additional capital required to increase one unit of output. This ratio is used to measure the efficiency of an industrial unit or country as an economic unit. The lesser the ICOR, more efficient the organization. Thus, these factors along with savings rate play important role in boosting the growth potential of the country
(UPSC mains 2017)
Explain the types of revolution- green, white, blue etc.
Role of these revolutions in poverty alleviation and food security
Answer: After independence, India witnessed green, blue and white revolutions in farm, fishery and dairy sector respectively.
Green revolution: it was initiated to achieve food security in the country. It included three components: continued expansion of farming areas, double-cropping existing farmland, using seeds with improved genetics. The Green Revolution resulted in a record grain output of 131 million tons in 1978-79. This established India as one of the world’s biggest agricultural producers. It addressed the concern of frequent famine occurring in the country and also the need of import of food was eliminated. However, green revolution strategy mainly benefitted the large farmers. Moreover, several ecological issues were also involved with excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
White revolution: Operation Flood is considered to be the world’s largest dairy development programme. Under this programme professionals were employed at every level, particularly in marketing and application, and science and technology. The central plank of the programme was to link the rural producers with urban consumers. The milk production in India increased from a level of 17 MT in 1950- 51 to about 100.9 MT at the end of 2006-07, i.e. at the end of the Tenth Plan. The per capita availability of milk increased to about 246 gm per day in 2006-07 from a level of 124 gm per day in 1950-51. Thus, this led to the poverty alleviation and food security in india.
Blue revolution : The Indian fisheries sector, which 50 years ago produced only 600 000 tonnes of fish, today produces 5 million tonnes, including 1.6 million tonnes from freshwater aquaculture. The Blue Revolution is being implemented to achieve economic prosperity of fishermen and fish farmers and to contribute towards food and nutritional security through optimum utilization of water resources for fisheries development in a sustainable manner, keeping in view the bio-security and environmental concerns.
Silver revolution: It was centred around practice of raising poultry, such as chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, as a subcategory of animal husbandry, for the purpose of farming meat or eggs for food. Grey revolution was launched in India to increase the manufacturing of fertilizer. Other agriculture revolutions like golden revolution meant for better fruit production, pink revolution meant for better prawn production, red revolution aimed for better meat production, yellow revolution aimed for better oil seed production etc. Thus, these revolutions have significant role in poverty alleviation and food security.
(UPSC mains 2017)
Approach:
∙ Successful unmanned space missions in India.
∙ Feasibility of manned space mission Answer: Chandrayaan-1 was India’s first lunar probe.
It was launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation in October 2008. The mission included a lunar orbiter and an impactor. The mission was a major boost to India’s space program, as India researched and developed its own technology in order to explore the Moon. Mars Mission (MOM), also called Mangalyaan is a spacecraft orbiting Mars since 24 September 2014.
It is India’s first interplanetary mission and ISRO has become the fourth space agency and first Asian nation to reach Mars. India is also the first nation in the world to do so in its first attempt. Thus, India has achieved remarkable successes in unmanned space missions but has not ventured into manned space mission. Issues with Manned space mission in India:
Technology: preparation of a Crew Module, building of space suits, an environmental control and life support system on board the spacecraft, and the crew escape system – needed when the craft is back on earth are the technologies required for the feasibility of manned mission. These are all complex technologies as probability of failure has to be minimised. ISRO is in the process of developing manned missions in India.
Capital: ISRO has plans for a mission carrying a crew of two to three members, but the mission is pending approval from the Government. The expected cost of the mission is expected to be between 3 and 4 billion US dollars. Critiques have already questioned the wisdom of a country to invest in such endeavours when it houses largest number of poor and under-nourished in the world.
However, certain steps have been taken in this regard. The technologies necessary for human space flight are being developed as part of pre-project activities of a Manned Space Programme. On 18 December, 2014, ISRO successfully tested a crew module with a GSLV Mk III flight. Other major initiatives identified as part of the pre-project includes an Environmental Control & Life Support System (ECLSS), a Crew Escape System (CES), and a flight suit for the Brahmanauts. The ECLSS and CES are expected to be completed by 2017. Thus, India is going to launch manned space missions soon.
(UPSC mains 2017)
Approach:
Answer: Agenda for 2017-18 is: “Transform, Energise and Clean India” – TEC.
TEC India seeks to-
Ten distinct themes to foster this broad agenda:
Farmers : committed to double the income in 5 years; Target for agricultural credit in 2017-18 has been fixed at a record level of 10 lakh crores. To ensure flow of credit to small farmers, Government to support NABARD for computerisation and integration of all 63,000 functional Primary Agriculture Credit Societies with the Core Banking System of District Central Cooperative Banks.
Rural Population : providing employment & basic infrastructure; Aim is to bring one crore households out of poverty and to make 50,000 Gram Panchayats poverty free by 2019. Against target of 5 lakh farm ponds under MGNREGA, 10 lakh farm ponds would be completed by March 2017.
Youth : energising them through education, skills and jobs; To introduce a system of measuring annual learning outcomes in our schools. Innovation Fund for Secondary Education proposed to encourage local innovation.
The Poor and the Underprivileged : strengthening the systems of social security, health care and affordable housing; Mahila Shakti Kendra will be set up with an allocation of ` 500 crores in 14 lakh ICDS Anganwadi Centres. Affordable housing to be given infrastructure status.
Infrastructure: for efficiency, productivity and quality of life;
For transportation sector as a whole, including rail, roads, shipping, provision of ` 2,41,387 crores has been made in 2017-18.
Financial Sector : growth & stability by stronger institutions; Foreign Investment Promotion Board to be abolished in 2017-18 and further liberalisation of FDI policy is under consideration
Digital Economy: for speed, accountability and transparency; The Government will launch two new schemes to promote the usage of BHIM; these are, Referral Bonus Scheme for individuals and a Cashback Scheme for merchants.
Public Service : effective governance and efficient service delivery through people’s participation; To utilise the Head Post Offices as front offices for rendering passport services
Prudent Fiscal Management: to ensure optimal deployment of resources and preserve fiscal stability;
For the first time, a consolidated Outcome Budget, covering all Ministries and Departments, is being laid along with the other Budget documents
Tax Administration: honouring the honest. These measures are aimed to Transform, Energise and Clean India.
(UPSC mains 2017)
The Indian Constitution provides provision for joint session under article 108 in case of deadlock over a bill in the Parliament.
The joint session can be called in following situations:
* Rejection of a bill in both the houses of the parliament.
* Bill pending for more than two quarters in one of the house of the parliament.
* The house has rejected an amendment proposal to a bill.
However the session can’t be called in the following situation:
* Money bill, which is practically the sole discretion on the Lok Sabha:
– The Rajya Sabha can suggest proposal; non-binding over the Lok sabha.
– The upper house can’t hold the bill for more than 14 days otherwise the bill
considered to be passed by the Parliament.
* A bill seeks to amend the constitution itself: a safeguard provided by the constitution makers to avoid the misuse of the power in case the government is in overwhelming majority.
* Passage of budget proposal: Rajya Sabha as an house of elder can just review it and in case the budget failed to pass in Lok Sabha it means the ruling government has lost confidence.
Joint session of Indian parliament has been called for only three bills i.e. dowry prohibition act, 1960, banking service commission act, 1977 and Prevention of Terrorism Bill, 2002 which were subsequently passed.
(UPSC mains 2017)
Hints:
Suggested Reforms by Election Commission of India:
Constitutional Amendment:
Electoral Rolls:
Election Management Issues:
Nomination of candidates:
De-criminalization of politics:
Political Parties:
Election campaign:
Election petition:
Significance of the Reforms:
(UPSC mains 2017)
Hints:
Roles of Indian Diaspora in these countries’ economies:
Appraisal of Indian Diasporas role in these countries:
Conclusion:
(UPSC mains 2017)
Hints:
Q.9) Account for variations in oceanic salinity and discuss its multi-dimensional effects. (250 words)
(UPSC mains 2017)
Hints:
Why variation in salinity?
How it impacts?
(UPSC mains 2017)
Hints:
However, there are disadvantages of setting refineries near producing areas because:
Implications of setting industries away from producing sites:
(b) Corporate social responsibility makes companies more profitable and sustainable. Analyse. (150 Words, 10)
(UPSC mains 2017)
Hints:
What recommendation would you provide the management?
Discuss the merits and demerits of each of the recommendations. (250 Words, 20)
(UPSC mains 2017)
Answer. The case presents an ethical dilemma to choose between objectivity and compassion. Basing decision on objectivity and rule of law, compensation must be denied but on compassionate ground it must be given. Following are other issues and values involved in the case:
Based on the above consideration I will make following recommendations:
Compensation will not put heavy financial burden on the company. It will express management’s compassion for the workers leading to greater social capital. Loyalty and motivation of workers will increase and also their productivity. Any present and future threat of strike will also be averted.
However fulfilling the demand for compensation my lead to more such demands in future and encourage lackadaisical attitude of workers. Discipline at workplace may be hampered as a bad precedent will be set. Work culture may also get destroyed because of such techniques of collective blackmailing.
Grievance of workers may be satisfied partially by this option and it may also lead to a win-win situation for both the parties. Some relief will be there for the family of the deceased as it was not their fault. However, this will not provide a permanent solution to the problem. Unprofessional attitude of some workers may still continue in future. Unjustified demands in future may also see a rise.
This will allow the value of fraternity to get expression. This will also lead to combined responsibility of all the workers leading to check on each other in future. It may also provide a long-term solution as a combined employees welfare fund can be created with contributions from both sides.
However, it may cause delays in the proceedings thus extending the strike. It may also bring negative publicity in media, damaging its social capital. Company can also be accused for putting undue burden on the workers.
I will stress to the management to accept my first recommendation as it includes the acceptance of management’s fault as well to fail to stop drunken worker from entering the work place. Gandhiji said that corporate are trustees of workers. The decision that company takes must be in the spirit of this philosophy of Gandhiji.
Apart from this long term measures has to be taken like:
Attempt the questions individually by clicking on them.
Source: https://www.civilsdaily.com/india-coinage/
Hints:
Source:
https://www.civilsdaily.com/the-southwest-monsoon-season-jun-sep-part-2/
Hints:
Characteristics of the Monsoon climate:
Monsoon type of climate has various advantages:
Source: https://www.civilsdaily.com/communalism/
Hints:
Differences:
How religiousness got converted into communalism?
Hints:
Floods as sustainable source of irrigation: with storing and infiltration of flood water, it can effectively be utilized for irrigation apart from other uses.
Flood as all weather inland navigation:
Q.5) In spite of adverse environmental impact, coal mining is still inevitable for development”. Discuss
Source: https://www.civilsdaily.com/2017/08/18/
Hints:
However, despite numerous ill impacts, coal is inevitable for India’s development which is also emphasized by SC of India.
Hints:
Industrial Revolution:
Trade policies of Britishers:
Introduction of Railways:
Other Reasons:
Hints:
New Objectives got added to India’s freedom movement:
Conclusion:
Source: https://www.civilsdaily.com/self-help-groups/
Hints:
Role of SHGs in developmental activities:
Measures taken by Govt. of India in order to promote SHGs:
Q.9) Conflict of interest in the public sector arises when
(a) official duties,
(b) public interest, and
(c) personal interest
are taking priority one above the other.
How can this conflict in administration be resolved? Describe with an example.
Hints:
There are two approaches in resolving the Conflict of Interest in administration:
Q.10) Examine the relevance of the following in the context of civil service:
(a) Transparency
(b) Accountability
(c) Fairness and justice
(d) Courage of conviction
(e) Spirit of service
Hints:
Transparency:
Accountability:
Fairness and Justice:
Courage of conviction:
Spirit of Service:
Q.11) You are an honest and responsible civil servant. You often observe the following:
(a) There is a general perception that adhering to ethical conduct one may face difficulties to oneself and cause problems for the family, whereas unfair practices may help to reach the career goals.
(b) When the number of people adopting unfair means is large, a small minority having a penchant towards ethical means makes no difference.
(c) Sticking to ethical means is detrimental to the larger developmental goals
(d) While one may not involve oneself in large unethical practices, but giving and accepting small gifts makes the system more efficient.
Examine the above statements with their merits and demerits.
What would you have done in such a situation? Justify your action
It is for the first time that a national policy has been framed for the capital goods sector.
Capital goods are goods which are used by businesses to produce other goods and services which are used by consumers. They are usually considered as fixed goods, that cannot be easily converted into cash.
The Capital Goods sector is a $ 32 billion industry in India, covers several sub-sectors in the Indian manufacturing space.
It is drafted by a joint task force of Confederation of Indian Industries (CII) and Department of Heavy Industries.
Reason: In the last 3 years, the rate of growth of the sector has been 1% due to overall slowdown and is also one of the weak performer in the manufacturing sector. As against the poor performance of the Indian capital goods sector, the global performance has been robust.
Vision: Building India as the world class hub for Capital Goods.
Nodal Agency: Department of Heavy Industries
It aims to facilitate following things for the capital goods sector:
This is the most critical sector for achieving the vision of “Make in India” as the sector has multiplier effect on other sectors of economy. The policy is envisaged to unlock the potential for this promising sector and establish India as a global manufacturing powerhouse.
Published with inputs from Pushpendra
Source:
https://www.civilsdaily.com/civil-service-accountability-and-challenges-benefits-of-an-independent-permanent-and-impartial-civil-service/
https://www.civilsdaily.com/reforms-needed-in-civil-services-2nd-arc-report-and-other-committee-recommendations/
Hints:
Why drastic reforms needed?
Conclusion:
Q.2) Discuss the potential threats of Cyber-attack and the security framework to prevent it
Source: https://www.civilsdaily.com/story/cyber-security-issues-and-developments/
Hints:
With the world moving towards digitalization, and India shifting towards everything online (eg cashless economy), cyber threats are at a new height with the number of attacks increasing by more than 27,000 incidents in the first half of 2017. For example: A ransomware — a type of malicious software designed to block access to a computer system until a sum of money is paid — dubbed “WannaCry” attacked hundreds of thousands of computers around the world.
Potential Threats to Cyber Attacks:
India’s security framework to prevent cyber attacks:
International Collaboration:
Way forward:
Source: https://www.civilsdaily.com/india-west-asia/
Hints:
Energy cooperation with West Asia:
India’s concern:
Way forward:
Source:
https://www.civilsdaily.com/15-oct-2017-target-mains-question-4/
https://www.civilsdaily.com/op-ed-snap-hungry-for-publicity/
https://www.civilsdaily.com/has-hunger-increased-in-india-in-recent-years
Hints:
Progress in Poverty Reduction:
Conclusion:
Source: https://www.civilsdaily.com/important-international-economic-organizations/
Hints:
Functions of ECOSOC:
Different Functional Commissions attached to ECOSOC:
Hints:
The Schedules listing the castes and tribes recognized as deserving of special treatment because of the massive discrimination practiced against them were drawn up in 1935 by the British Indian Govt.
India with 700 tribes constitute a significant number of population (over 10 crore) which have been notified under Article 342 of the Constitution of India.
The two major initiatives addressing discrimination against Tribals are: Reservation and Forest Rights Act.
Reservation:
Forest Rights Act:
Conclusion:
Source:
https://www.civilsdaily.com/indian-climate-4-the-southwest-monsoon-season-jun-sep
https://www.civilsdaily.com/the-southwest-monsoon-season-jun-sep-part-2/
Hints:
Characteristics of the Monsoon climate:
Monsoon type of climate has various advantages:
Source:
https://www.civilsdaily.com/a-z-of-gst/
https://www.civilsdaily.com/story/goods-and-services-tax/
Hints:
The constitution (One Hundred and First Amendment) Act, 2016 deals with the Good and Service Tax (GST) which aims to subsume all kinds of indirect taxes in India constituting a common market of taxation.
Since GST bills involve a huge interest of the state governments, such a historical tax reform cannot take place without making suitable changes into the constitution. The amendment brought changes in Article 246A, Article 269A, Article 279A, 7th schedule and other rules.
Salient Features of GST:
Is it efficacious enough for common national tax market?
Source:
https://www.civilsdaily.com/economic-survey-for-ias-chapter-04-agriculture-more-from-less/
Hints:
Major reasons for declining of rice and wheat yields:
Crop Diversification:
Crop diversification can help to stabilize the yields in the following manner:
Conclusion:
Source:
https://www.civilsdaily.com/internal-security-and-related-issues-part-1-cross-border-terrorism/
https://www.civilsdaily.com/india-internal-security-history-and-changing-face-of-terrorism
Hints:
Terrorism and National Security:
Sources of Terrorist Funding:
A major part of funding for terrorism from external sources comes from:
The role of safe heavens, failed states, and state sponsors:
Remittances: Organisations from various countries in order to spread terrorism sponsor the groups in other countries. For ex: Links of former Students Islamic Movement of India (SIMI) and IndianMujahedeen (IM) cadres in India have also been established with financiers in the Gulf.
Internal Funding:
Extortions and taxations:
Solution:
Hints:
Politics in India is considered something which is very dirty. The criminalization of politics, criminals getting elected, reflection of its bad image by media, illegal practices for winning election as well as for maintaining power etc. has created a bad image of politics in general masses. It is seen as a field for the uneducated, the uncouth, the jobless and the scum of society. This is unduly harsh and prevents the youth from entering into this arena.
The reasons why the ethical young minds are not attracted towards politics are:
Moreover, the true politics is not bad per se. Politics is an important aspect for the governance of any country. It involves the activities associated with the governance of a country or area, especially the debate between parties having power, policy formulation and implementation with general consensus which affect large number of people.
Ways to motivate youngsters for joining politics:
What are the dilemmas you face? What will be your response to the situation?
Hints:
Possible Advantages of Stem Cell Therapy over other form of treatment:
Conclusion:
Hints:
The conflicts in the region can broadly be classified under three categories:
Major reasons for the survival of Armed Insurgency in the region:
Conclusion:
Hints:
How Subsidies affect cropping pattern?
Positive effect:
Negative effect:
Significance of crop insurance, minimum support price and food processing:
Hints:
Effects of Climate Change over India:
Conclusion:
Hints:
Reasons behind declining labour intensive export:
Measures for more labour intensive:
Hints:
Advantages of River Interlinking:
River Interlinking and its impact on Environment:
Conclusion:
Hints:
Problems associated with Local Self Government system:
Criticisms (achievements):
Measures to improve the situation:
It is imperative to revive PRIs in the era of globalization and liberalization. Local initiatives and developmental efforts can indeed enhance competitiveness and income generation among the village community. Thus rural-urban divide can be minimized using PRIs as an effective catalyst for making villages assertive, self reliant and competitive. Thus revival of PRIs should not undergo another eclipse on the earlier pattern. There has to be genuine commitment to Local self-government as a political value and ideology.
Hints:
Reasons to strike down NJAC by SC:
Criticisms to Supreme Court’s judgement:
Conclusion:
Hints:
How it will limit the amount of time and money:
How it will reduce government’s accountability towards people:
Conclusion:
Hints:
How do pressure groups influence political process?
Rise in Informal Pressure Groups:
Conclusion:
Attempt the questions individually by clicking on them.
http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/ShWdzqTBKakZv6DvJgcxIO/Unbundling-of-space.html
http://www.livelaw.in/new-rajasthan-ordinance-makes-govt-sanction-mandatory-probe-judges-curbs-media-reporting-read-ordinance/
http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/unacceptable-fetters/article19901782.ece
Q.3) The RTI Act provides for certain exemptions where providing information is not obligatory on the part of authority. Which are these exemptions under RTI Act? How do these exemptions impact the citizen’s fundamental right to information?
http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/why-exempt-cbi-from-rti-asks-petition/article19902011.ece
https://thewire.in/179140/cbi-ib-rti-act/
http://www.dailypioneer.com/columnists/oped/indian-tourism-punching-below-its-weight.html
http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/TmHYZfI1pW4rHFegzOu0KJ/Turning-the-poors-assets-into-capital.html
http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/tC66BUm88uqVzpsfnK80HO/Can-blockchain-technology-be-an-answer-to-Indias-land-gover.html
http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/with-or-without-the-veto/article19907383.ece
http://www.deccanherald.com/content/639051/revitalising-indian-prisons.html
https://thewire.in/161064/india-prison-conditions/
http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/a-bold-step-in-bank-reform/article19928407.ece
https://thewire.in/188986/policy-flip-flops-pms-food-processing-investment-scheme-make-non-starter/
Ethics Questions
Q.11) What do you mean by international ethics? Why it has become so relevant in present times?
(a) What are the options available to you?
(b) Evaluate each of these options and choose the option which you would adopt giving reasons.
Mains is rightly called so given that it is this stage of the civil services examination that determines your very selection.
This stage is also a test for you as a person. It requires patience to sit through three hours at a stretch for five odd days back to back. It requires stamina to pull through rigorous writing.
It also puts to test your presence of mind, after all you need to substantiate your opinions with facts. Common sense too is required to see through the obvious. And most importantly it is a test of your confidence. If you think you can’t, you never will.
As you brace yourself for this leg of the exam, below are some words (of wisdom, perhaps) that might prove handy:
The compulsory language Paper that need 25% marks to sail through should not be taken casually either. Remember that if you do not sail past the threshold here, your other copies will not even be checked. No matter how great your answers might be there! And nearly 100 examinees who have qualified Prelims are disappointed in this paper.
And finally remember it’s not a test of your knowledge but your mental strength. Please realise that no one knows everything but the point is applying your knowledge appropriately.
The game is not over till the last ball. And don’t think that you don’t know. Write whatever you know (of course not completely tangential to what is asked).
Keep in mind your competitors, you are no inferior. Have faith in yourself. You have studied hard enough to be at this stage of the exam and you will only go further from here.
Build stamina and write till the last. Your efforts will be aptly rewarded.
Good luck. May the force be with you.
Attempt the questions individually by clicking on them.
Answer structure
Various committees in the past like Mudaliar committee, Kartar Singh committee have advocated the need for dedicated, trained and exclusive personnel on the lines of IAS to run the public health facilities and also improve the quality of health services. The same need was also reiterated recently by the 12th Five Year Plan and National Health Policy, 2017.
Reasons for having public health management cadre:
However, public health management has some drawbacks like:
The induction of Public Health Cadre on lines of IAS is a positive step but all checks & balances need to be maintained such as infrastructure building, National Health Policy’s implementation and government’s willingness are required to put India high in place of health outcomes on the world fora.
http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/all-hype-on-energy-ceraweek-4892064/
Answer structure:
India’s imports close to 40 per cent of its commercial energy and this is increasing at alarming rate. This trend has huge implications for energy security of the country. The recent Draft Energy policy by the NITI Aayog seeks to keep India’s economy heavily reliant on fossil fuels even in 2040
and also the recent Economic Survey also highlighted the social cost of renewable energy in comparison to that of coal-based power generation. This points towards a lack of clear roadmap for encouraging the use of clean fuel.
There is a need for a policy purely concentrated on clean fuel and energy consumption because:
http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/XJpl50UmcB72x5tceXj1aN/Cybersecurity-starts-at-the-top.html
Answer structure:
According to a recent joint study by ASSOCHAM-PwC, there has been a surge of approximately 350% in cybercrime cases in India registered under the Information Technology (IT) Act, 2000 from the year of 2011 to 2014. Today we are at a crossroads intertwined with big data, internet of things, automation, etc.
Recent large scale data steal of about 30 million debit cards, WannaCry ransom ware attack and the scorpene submarine data leak are testimony to the vulnerability of cyber infrastructure in the country
Evaluation of the current cyber security measures in India:
Recently the cyber attacks have increased in frequency and intensity as the attackers can gain control of vital systems like transportation, nuclear plants, banking infrastructure etc. that may lead to power failures, bio-medical attacks, floods and pollution. There are various kinds of cyber threats that India faces today such as-
The threats and challenges also provide opportunity and solutions. For example- integration of agencies involved in cyber security, establishing sectoral CERTs, and ushering public private partnerships to set up research and development cells in cyber security domain are some of the solutions.
http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/lessons-from-the-aarushi-case/article19873969.ece
Answer structure:
CBI is the premier investigative agency in the country today, with a dual responsibility to investigate grievous cases and provide leadership and direction in fighting corruption to the Police force across the country. In the hearing of the Coalgate case, the SC had called CBI a caged parrot. There are multiple reasons which have hampered CBIs autonomy, such as-
Various reforms are needed to iron out the multiple problems plaguing CBI today–
This will usher in the much needed functional autonomy in the CBI.
http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/making-the-internet-disappear/article19879182.ece
Answer structure:
Hints:
Criticisms:
Conclusion:
http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/power-of-the-hashtag/article19879191.ece
Answer structure:
Hints:
Introduction:
Discussion:
Conclusion:
Answer structure:
Hints:
Criticisms:
Major Reforms Required:
Possible Challenges:
Conclusion:
Answer structure:
The dismal state of India’s hunger condition can be seen from the fact that India has highest number of hunger people in the world and its ranking in Global hunger index has been constantly decreasing
Some experts believe that best way to tackle India’s hunger problem is to focus on public health and education programmes because:
Conclusion
http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/how-silent-are-silence-zones-in-india–58897
Answer structure:
Silence Zones are the areas within 100 meters of the boundary of:
As per the standards, the decibel level in silence zones should not exceed 50 dB during the day and 40 dB during the night. Under the Motor Vehicle Rules, the noise range for horns has been fixed between 93 dB and 112 dB. Exposure to sound beyond 93 dB for eight hours can cause irreversible hearing loss.
Various sources of noise are: industry, road traffic, rail traffic, air traffic, construction and public works, indoor sources(air conditioners, air coolers, radio, television and other home appliances)etc.In Indian conditions, indiscriminate use of public address system and DG sets has given a new dimension to the noise pollution problem.
Why lacuna in implementation?
– The central government brought into force an amendment to the Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000, which made individual states responsible for specifically notifying these zones
– State governments have failed to notify silent zones
– While there exist various rules and regulations for establishment of shops/industries near the designated silence zones, the rules are hitherto followed by people nor are they enforced by officials
– A lack of civic sense in citizens leads them to honk horns almost all the time on roads leading to the breach of silence zone norms.
Measures that can be taken to curb noise pollution
– appropriate land use planning
– creating buffer zones for sensitive receptors
– Installation of noise barriers for hospitals, schools, colleges and old age homes
– enforcement of maximum decibel level of vehicles
– establishment of no-honking zones especially for residential areas and silence zones
– development of poro-elastic road surfaces for traffic noise control
Framing rules and regulations will help in enforcing silence zone norms but the real change in the situation would only occur after common people change their mindset and respect the boundaries of silence zones.
Answer structure:
Food prices have been fluctuating wildly over the last few years, hurting both consumers and producers. Food prices are being driven up by a number of factors including bad weather, low stocks, and unstable commodities markets.
Changing petroleum prices, crop yields, food stock levels, and exchange rates are also some of the reasons, but trade policies and a lack of reliable, up-to-date data are also driving the volatility.
Price fluctuations, or normal volatility, are a common feature of competitive markets. They provide important signals to producers and consumers.
But the efficiency of this system breaks down when economic shocks cause prices to move in increasingly uncertain and precipitous ways. When shocks surpass a certain level, the price system becomes redundant, and traditional policy prescriptions and coping mechanisms tend to fail.
Extreme volatility hurts poor consumers. Unexpected swings in food prices greatly endanger the food security of poor households in developing countries, who spend as much as 70 percent of their incomes on food.
Excessive volatility also hurts producers. When price uncertainty increases, poor, risk-averse farmers invest less and use fewer inputs, making them more likely to remain in poverty.
Steps that can be taken:
Market-friendly approaches are needed to limit volatility
– Yield-enhancing investments: Agriculture has been neglected for too long. More investments must be made, particularly in research and development and infrastructure that promote irrigation as well as drought-resilient crops and their hybrids.
– Trade policies: It is important to complete the Doha Round of negotiations so that trade-distorting subsidies can be reduced, and perhaps include tighter rules on export restrictions.
– Improving market transparency: Information gathering and dissemination efforts should be intensified. The efforts should focus on information about both the real market and related financial transactions.
– Reforming policies for grain-based biofuels: Introducing call options for biofuels—a market-compatible instrument—would guarantee that producers shift grain from producing biofuels to providing food during crises—a mutually beneficial outcome.
– Commodity exchanges: The regulatory framework governing commodity exchanges must also be reviewed to reduce speculative behavior and thus limit volatility.
High and volatile food prices are a result of the neglect of agriculture over the last seven decades. As long as the demand for food continues to rise faster than yield growth, markets will remain tight and prices will remain high and volatile. Thus, in the long run, the only real solution to excessive volatility is to invest much more in agriculture.
Ethics Questions
Answer structure:
Citizen charters aimed at removing the sluggishness which infests the public delivery system in India by introducing accountability and responsibility in governance. It will establish a mechanism in every department, organization or scheme having public interface under centre, state or Union Territory for timely delivery of public goods and services. In case of non-delivery and other malpractices, the charter allows the citizen to seek grievance redressal through making complaint at several levels thus creating the onus on public officers to assure provision of services and goods.
The three essential aspects emphasised in good governance are transparency, accountability & responsiveness of public administration. Citizens; Charters initiative is a response to the quest for solving the problems which a citizen encounters, day in and day out, while dealing with the organisations providing public services.
The role of charters in public administration can be discussed as:
(a) To seek people’s cooperation in redressal of their grievance.
(b) To disseminate relevant information to people.
Discuss the various steps along with merits and demerits of each step.
Answer structure:
(a) It can be observed, that with time the people might have lost faith in the organization as there was no actions on previous complaints that were put in the suggestion/complaint box. To seek people’s cooperation the various options can be
Though it may improve the things but it will create a sort of financial crunch on the organization.
(b) To disseminate relevant information’s to people the various options can be-
Attempt the questions individually by clicking on them.
According to report by United Nations, India ranked 148 in the world for the number of women in Parliament. Through 73 and 74 Constitutional Amendment Act women were given 33% reservation in elections to panchayats and municipalities. Though women constitute nearly 50% of India’s population but women’s participation and representation in politics have been marginal since independence at 12.5% in Parliament.
Reasons for low women participation and representation in the politics:
The government recently introduced Women’s Reservation Bill, which seeks to reserve one-third of seats in the Lok Sabha and state assemblies for women. It is important because:
However, many are of the view that such a bill will give advantage to women from upper castes, who are better educated and more resourceful. But the reservation of women in local bodies has brought socio economic development of the women along with their empowerment. Thus, this bill is the need of the hour provided proxy women participation must be checked .It has been noticed at the village and municipal level that women file their candidature under pressure from male members of the family and they come out to be just the figure head not the actual decision makers. This trend needs to be arrested.
The land of Nalanda, Vikramasila and Taxila, which featured vividly in the accounts of travellers like Hsuan Tsang, I. Tsing and Strabo, currently has no varsity in the world’s top 200 university ranking. Also, it is being stated that by 2030, India will be the youngest nation. So to reap maximum socio economic benefit, foreign universities are eyed upon to set up their campuses in India. It will be beneficial because:
The resistance to entry of foreign universities in the country is on the following grounds:
There is a need to address the above challenges and they must be supplemented by more innovation, investment in the primary and secondary sectors of education. The recent initiatives by the government like Global Initiative of Academic Networks (GIAN), National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF), SWAYAM are steps in the right direction.
The recent decision of the Supreme Court to ban the sale of fireworks in the Delhi NCR to keep a check a check on air pollution has revived the debate of judiciary transgressing into the boundaries of the executive and legislative organs of the State. It is being said that there is already a specialized forum that is, National Green Tribunal for keeping check on pollution and other environment destructing activities and already burdened Supreme Court must make judicious use of its time because-
However, NGT in spite of its specialized functions it lacks fast track justice, credibility, has limited capacity and staff ushering more pendency of cases and inefficiency and also it does not have suo moto powers which make its functioning less effective.
Therefore, SC always being the torchbearer in enabling issues like these has to step in when other institutions fail to deliver upon.
But at the same time the SC must not encroach upon the domains of other organs of the government and judicial activism must no convert into judicial overreach in the veil of guarding peoples fundamental rights.
The Government and other institutions like NGT, SPCB, CPCB should become more efficient and effective in their functioning and along with this active participation of people would only save Indian cities from becoming gas chambers.
The recently released Global Hunger Index has ranked 100 out of 119 nations which clearly highlights the fact that India has a serious hunger problem. More than one-fifth of Indian children under five weight too little for their height and over a third are too short for their age.
For a country which is food surplus these are ironical and disturbing facts. Various reasons for the failure to eradicate malnutrition are-
Approach that can be adopted to fight malnutrition-
To reap the maximum benefit of the demographic dividend, the above mentioned approaches must be implemented effectively. Schemes like ICDS, JSY, RSBY, various immunization programs, mid-day meal, food for work, NFSA are the steps in the right direction.
Hints:
Stubble Burning:
Effect on Environment:
Measures to persuade farmers:
Conclusion:
http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/more-than-toilets-4807546/
Hints:
Achievements:
Criticisms:
Way forward:
http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/Grb0hnRk6GTSm7LpbDM7gN/The-need-for-doing-digital.html
Hints:
Areas of advantages:
India’s readiness to harness the potential of digitalization:
Conclusion:
https://www.civilsdaily.com/abolition-of-fipb/
Hints:
Reasons for its abolishment:
Criticisms:
Conclusion:
http://www.newindianexpress.com/opinions/2016/dec/01/should-the-state-fund-elections-1544308.html
It is considered that the state funding of elections is expected to bring in greater transparency and reduce role of black money. Discuss the pros and cons of this proposal of state funding of elections.
Hints:
Pros:
Cons:
Conclusion:
Hints:
Implications of Price capping:
Positive implications:
Negative implications:
Government policy to support indigenous medical device manufacturers:
Ethics Questions
This statement denotes the extent upto which ethics have an impact on the individual. A law is an external check to a person’s actions, ethics on the other hand is an internal guide. One would be held guilty if he violates the laws related to the vulnerable sections of the society like children, women, elders, backwards classes, Divyang persons, minorities. For that there should be enough evidence based on the actions of the person, but in ethical terms the person has committed the sin the moment he thought of taking that shameful step.
Ethics goes beyond the distinction of law and violation and mere intent of killing anyone is sufficient to prove the guilt. Thus, a law starts to come to fore when our actions appear on ground, but ethics has the power to shold back the evil intentions at the thinking stage, where one’s character starts to reveal itself.
(a) What are the various options available to ‘X’?
(b) Suppose ‘X’ comes to you with all his options, what suggestion you would give him along with justifications.
Y has wrong intentions of adding the ingredients to the baby food. He merely wants to earn more money and for doing so, he is ready to compromise with health of children. The various options before X are-
The chemist may however go to the MD and tell about him.
(b) There are various options available to X. Disclosing the matter might pose a threat to his job.
However, if he keeps mute on the issue, it is liable to bring bad name to the enterprise.
Attempt the questions individually by clicking on them.
https://thewire.in/184571/can-india-capitalise-chinas-shift-away-low-end-manufacturing/
Rising wages in the Chinese manufacturing market is leading to erase the competitiveness of cheaper Chinese goods. This is in turn resulting in other developing economies replacing China in these sectors viz Apparels, Textiles, leather goods etc.
Abundant supplies of low-cost labour, government incentives, tax exemptions and an efficient customs administration are the critical factors that need to be considered by India to replace China in the low end, low cost manufacturing sector.
According to a Delloite survey of 2016 it has been argued that India will spurt to 5th rank, from the current 11th rank, in the list of top manufacturing hubs of the world (USA, China, Japan and Germany being the top 4).
http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/6S9Hvo31dR3aA8h7snIWKL/What-ails-Indias-public-healthcare.html
Articles 41, 42, 45 and 45 of the Indian constitution talk about providing efficient healthcare to various sections of society. However, India has not been able to fulfil this obligation in its spirit.
Major bottlenecks in India’s healthcare system-
Way forward in this situation-
Healthcare sector is in dire need of restructure and reform. In this case the report of Dr.A. Pangariya Committee (2016) assumes immense significance and needs to be implemented in spirit.
http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/states-in-indian-diplomacy/article19803262.ece?homepage=true
India is the one fastest emerging developing nation. This requires a nation to have a proactive foreign policy that involves active participation from both Center and the States. The Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister negotiated with foreign governments to make Hyderabad an IT capital, prompting even presidents and prime ministers to visit the city on state visits and the recent visit by Sharjah ruler to Kerala highlights this fact.
The importance of States in foreign policy formulation
However, there are some concerns regarding the larger role for states in foreign policy formulation-
Way Forward
The Ministry of External Affairs now has a States division, which keeps in touch with the States which is a very positive step. But, the larger interests of India on the global scene should not be put at stake.
The Horn of Africa at the confluence of the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean connecting Africa, the Middle East and Asia and the region’s multiple conflicts inter-state and intra-state have made it a very attractive piece of geopolitical real estate. The four different states Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea and Djibouti constitute Horn of Africa.
India is initiating re-engagement in this area for modern India has a long tradition of critical involvement in the Horn.
Significance of the Horn of Africa
Chinas presence in the region has been increasing which is a cause of worry for India. India can counter Chinas strategic advances in the region by
Although India is a late starter in the region, she can still play a vital role in the development of the region thereby increasing her sphere of influence.
http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/tackling-the-economic-slowdown/article19787811.ece
Economic growth has slowed for five consecutive quarters, that is from late 2015-16 onwards. The economy needs a shot in the arm in the form of a fiscal stimulus which will transform the economy, and that its policies will have long-term favorable consequence. More investments and new projects are no doubt good for the economy and will encourage private investment boosting growth. However, Greater public investment must now flow into the repair and reconstruction of infrastructure which is better rationale approach.
Investments a good idea!
Investment is an immediate source of demand as firms that invest buy goods and services to do so, but it also expands the economy’s capacity to produce. Not only does increased public investment increase demand and quicken growth but it may be expected to encourage private investors, as the market for their goods expands.
The supply side focus at usual cases has made it easier for private firms to produce. But considering demand shortage in the economy, the immediate thing to do is to expand public investment in infrastructure which will set the tone for momentum recovery.
The argument made for new land and labour market reforms as a pre-requisite for accelerating growth today must be able to account for how the economy came close to achieving 10% growth in the late 1980s.
But upgrading the existing infrastructure is a better idea:
Thus, in essence, there exists immense opportunities for India to strengthen its existing infrastructure and economy which would address the problems of poverty, poor investment levels, unemployment, low growth etc. thus preparing the ground for the success of new projects and programmes thus creating a virtuous development cycle for the economy.
http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/awaiting-police-reforms/article19793527.ece
The police even today are not very trusted by the people. They are perceived as a force which is partisan, politicized, and generally not very competent. The Indian Police Foundation was inaugurated in 2015 to mount pressure on State governments to implement the directions of the Supreme Court on police reforms (Prakash Singh v. Union of India).
The pertaining challenges being faced by police force in the country:
It is in the above context that the court in 2006 had issued seven binding directions to implement those reforms enumerated below:
There has been a call for SMART police. Besides the above said reforms, Police forces need to adapt and show temperament in setting themselves as examples to win back the trust of people.
Urbanization refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas which is the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas. It has influenced the rural-urban dynamics of migration patterns.
Urbanization in cities has been happening at a rapid pace and has affected the rural migrants in the following ways:
Steps need to be taken to preserve cultural & social values of rural migrants in cities:
Though growing population is urban areas is a big challenge and initiatives to arrest this growth is utmost important, preserving social and cultural values of rural migrants is equally important. An integrated approach towards this issue besides the steps mentioned will go a long way in addressing this natural process of migration.
https://www.civilsdaily.com/hybrid-electric-vehicle-2/
Introduction:
Electric Vehicles in India:
Advantages of Electric Vehicle:
However, certain disadvantages are also associated with Electric vehicle which becomes important to deal in order to promote its use in India:
Conclusion:
https://www.civilsdaily.com/kigali-agreement-prospects-and-issues/
Hints:
Significance of Kigali Agreement:
How it benefits India?
However, there remain certain challenges towards realization of this goal such as:
Conclusion:
https://www.civilsdaily.com/udan-scheme-opportunities-and-challenges/
Hints:
Criticisms:
Conclusion:
Ethics Questions
Civil Servants are expected to work in offices within various organization. For them it is important they should know about office polities so that they know what is going on in the organization. Being aware about the politics gives him a view of the way things are progressing. At the same time, however, it is essential they should not be affected by this politics or make themselves a part of any of the group otherwise it will lead to split within the organization finally leading to decrease in the efficiency of the workers.
It is important the civil servants should make sure that the internal politics of the workers does not affect the work performance of the organization. For this he should strike a balance with the workers. If the civil servants themselves become a part of office politics, it will lead to biasness and the leader showing favour towards a particular group and this will give rise to factionalism and split. So, it is responsibility of the civil servants to make sure that the efficiency of workers does not get affected due to office politics of organization.
Suppose you are SHO of the concerned Police Station. Draw out a citizen charter and suggest how you will bring continuous improvement in the charter. Also discuss merits/ demerits of your citizen charter.
Before preparing the citizen charter, detailed discussion could be made with the subordinates and prominent citizens. Having decided upon the priorities, necessary capacity building of the organization including necessary infrastructure, training could have been ensured.
(i) Registering of complaints an spot of theft, pickpocketing,etc.
(ii) Action on the complaint to be taken as soon as possible.
(iii) The police department will ensure to cooperate with the citizens to resolve their cases.
(time to be specified) Grievances to be redressed within 3 days.
Merit of the Charter – Charter is a modest start through which time bound delivery of service are being promised. Every services are being delivered time bound. Formats and all necessary informations are available both on reception and on organization website. Since subordinates have been consulted while preparing the charter, they will provide assistance in preparing the charter and they will provide all assistance to make it succeed.
Difficulties – since it is time bound delivery of services, hence initially some difficulties are bound to come. There could be large number of grievance petitions and hence the concerned office and other members will have to take necessary extra steps for redressal. Touts and other corrupt people could also work against the charter so that it may fail and their golden days are returned.
Revision and upgrading the charter – After 6 month a third party evaluation by a team comprising of retired officials, citizen groups/people could be done and having satisfied with the result it could be upgraded like online registration of application etc., could be attempted.
Attempt the questions individually by clicking on them.
India has seen several movements demanding a separate state such as Gorkhaland, Telangana, and Nagalim etc. are often driven by lack of development. However, the Gorkha land movement has been a long standing quest of the Nepali speaking Gorkhas (in Darjeeling and Kalimpong region) for a separate state in an attempt to break free from years of continued political, cultural and socio-economic subjugation in West Bengal. While it is neither a separatist nor an anti-national movement; it is a classic case of sub nationalist movement seeking identity through a democratic framework. The narrative of this cultural and linguistic domination has many facets that can be understood from the following:
CAUSES OF THE MOVEMENT:
– Low levels of employment in addition to outsiders owning the tea estates.
– Ethnic and racial discrimination at places of education and work (called chinkis, foreigners, outsiders) resulting in cultural alienation in their own motherland
Unilateral territorial claims, denial of self-governance and political suppression over the years without any substantive historical evidence.
Reasons for the resurgence:
The all in all desire for a recognition, respect and cultural integration into the nation state is the bottom line for the recurrence of the demand.
Way Forward:
The Darjeeling hills are too strategic a region to ignore where economic and regional stability is key to national interest. Regionalism is not always opposed to nationalism, as it can also help build up internal cohesion within a country. So, it is imperative on the part of the Centre and state along with stakeholders to come along in a pragmatic manner at the earliest. Further devolution of financial and legislative powers to GTA and keeping Bengali optional plus larger agenda of cultural assimilation through ‘Ek Bharath Sreshth Bharath’ initiative will assuage the fears and resolve the issues amicably in the near term. Even creating Autonomous state of Gorkhaland within undivided Bengal through Art 244A is also within constitutional norms for a long term resolution. Dragging feet over the matter will only be a loss for both sides and detrimental to national interests.
https://thewire.in/179973/private-investment-affordable-housing/
The ambitious scheme of providing housing for all by 2022 was announced by government in 2015.This scheme also is in line with one of the ‘sustainable development goal’. Government has announced various initiatives to fulfill its targets. Out of these initiatives, one of them is the recent decision of government to allow private sector engagement in this scheme.
The two PPP models for private investment in affordable housing on private land include extending central assistance of about Rs 2.5 lakh for each house as an interest subsidy on bank loans as upfront payment under the credit-linked subsidy component of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban). Under the second option, central assistance of Rs 1.5 lakh will be given for each house to be built on private land, in case the beneficiaries do not intend to take bank loans.
With an aim of attracting private player in affordable housing scheme, government has unfolded PPP model which allows central assistance of up to 2.5 lakhs for the houses build by private player even on the private land. Government has proposed Eight PPP models out of which six includes private construction on government land while two consist of construction on private land.
The new policy would bring following benefits to the government:
Thus, by this new PPP policy government would be able to complete his target of ‘Affordable housing for all by 2022’.However it must also be ensured that engagement of private players would bring in these intended benefits and benefits of private players would be ensured. Only then the benefits of PPP policy could be leveraged. Considering the reforms of a Model Tenancy Act and National Rental Housing Policy coupled with the private participation should be the imperative going forward.
Though waste management to keep cities clean is now getting attention through Swaachh Bharat Mission, it is limited to collection and transportation. The challenge of processing and treating the different streams of solid waste, and safe disposal of the residuals in scientific landfills, is to be equally viewed from the perspective of waste to health rather than just waste to energy. The Ghazipur, Deonar and Bellandur episodes are enough to stir anybody’s conscience. With India generating 65 million tonnes of waste annually out of which only 70% is collected and only 20-30% being treated, depicts the gravity of the issue.
In the light of the above situation, the conversion of biodegradable municipal solid waste into compost will serve the dual purpose of both keeping the cities clean and improving productivity and soil quality. The benefits that entail are as follows:
The Solid Waste Management Rules 2016 making co-marketing of compost mandatory combined with incentive of Market Development Assistance (MDA) of Rs 1,500 per tonne on the purchase and distribution of city compost through the rural outlets are positives. Assuming 15 per cent yield of compost from the total waste generated; this would provide 10 million tonnes of city compost annually. Quite apart from cleaning up the cities of biodegradable waste, this would be a major and sustainable contribution to improving the health of our soil and a marvelous transition from waste to health.
Q.4) “CRISPR technology is much faster, yield better results, and is relatively easy to do.” Examine.
https://www.civilsdaily.com/crispr/
CRISPR-Cas9 a genome editing technology has been in news since 2014 after it successfully corrected a mutation in mice related to human metabolic disease called tyrosinaemia. It is cited as a revolutionary technique that mimics natural phenomenon used by bacteria to disable attacks from viruses. CRISPRs that is, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats are sections of DNA that uses CAS-9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9) enzyme as scissors to cut through the DNA.
This technique is much faster and yield better results because-
In the process of genome editing the Crispr scans the genome looking for the right location and Cas9 guides the RNAs directing them to a particular sequence which needs to be edited.
Other Applications of CRISPR-Cas9 technology
Agriculture
Drug Development
Despite such advantages and wide ranging applications, this technology also comes with various concerns like-
There is a need for more advanced research on this technology to identify and counter its potential concerns so that it can be used extensively in various sectors of socio-economic development like biomedicine, agriculture, human gene therapy, industrial microbes etc.
https://www.civilsdaily.com/isro-soft-power/
Soft power as was defined by Joseph Nye of Harvard, as the ability to shape the preferences of others, change and influence public and social opinion through appeal that is without the use of force and coercion. On the contrary the use of military might and force is known as hard power. It uses instruments like culture, foreign policies, political values, religion, science and technology etc.
The advantages of projecting soft power through space and technology especially space programme by India are-
Ways of leveraging these advantages-
Science and technology as an instrument of soft power also indirectly helps India to form a security that is beyond tanks, fighter jets and nuclear deterrence. It would help India increase its influence over other states through non-military means.
Thus, it will enhance Indian influence in the global arena and would be a true epitome of India’s rising soft power.
https://www.civilsdaily.com/should-national-anthem-be-made-mandatory-in-cinema-halls/
The recent judgement of the Supreme Court that all the cinema halls in India shall play the National Anthem before the feature film starts and all present in the hall are obliged to stand up to show respect to the National Anthem has raised many questions like whether nationalism should be imposed or as an intrinsic value it has to come from within.
The Rational for SC judgement–
Criticism of the judgement
The recent judgement of the Madras high court regarding mandatory singing of Vande Matram further fuels the debate.
There is a need to imbibe the feelings of nationalism in the students at the school level requiring government to take the needful steps like designing curriculum and textbooks that teach lessons in nationalism. Sports, films, plays can further this goal of imbibing the spirit of one nation that the court highlighted in its judgement.
https://www.civilsdaily.com/proposal-for-national-court-of-appeal/
Hints:
Does India need a National Court of Appeal?
However, setting up regional branches will have its pro as well as cons also.
Pros:
Cons:
Conclusion:
http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/HMUPXtW4vAN6BwbJMDf7lJ/Going-beyond-the-idea-of-fiscal-stimulus.html
Hints:
Analysis:
Need for sustainable higher growth:
Conclusion:
Hints:
Hints:
How can India seize the opportunity?
Conclusion:
(10 marks 150 words)
Leadership is the action of leading people in an organization towards achieving goals and thus realizing the aims set for the organization. Leaders do this by influencing their colleagues, setting a clear vision for the organization, motivating and guiding the individuals through the work process and builds morale.
Leadership is an essential quality in civil services. Without effective leadership, it is arguably virtually impossible to achieve and to sustain effective administration, to achieve goals, to sustain quality and deliver good quality services to the public. Leadership plays a predominant role as civil services is all about the collective efforts. It is the team work that yield results. A good leader must know how to motivate his team members and achieve the set goals with cooperation and his effective leadership ability. A team working under an effective leader with quality leadership will always perform the best and set an example for members from other organization’s practices.
In present times, it has become important for a civil servant to display effective leadership for turning visions into reality. The increasing complexities and requirements arising from the constant change in society, coupled with the constant push for higher levels of productivity, require effective and ethical leadership. It is necessary the leader adopts and changes himself as per the needs of the society.
(a) Do you justify the action and conduct of PIO?
(b) What should be done by applicant to punish corrupt construction agency?
(c) How RTI could be useful to expose corruption in construction industry.
(b) Since the applicant is already in procession of the certified sample of the brick from the construction site, he should take following steps to punish the corrupt constructions agency.
(c) RTI could be useful in exposing Corruption in following ways in construction industry.
We had run a special programme for Geography optional students known as Quality Improvement Programme under the aegis of K Siddhartha sir.
Many students benefited from the program and have made their preparation more robust through these special sessions.
CD is now opening up this initiative in order to benefit students who are writing Mains 2017 with Geography Optional.
Videos are available below for watching.
