Civilsdaily

Author: Er S

  • Atomic Notes- (2024-25)The Best UPSC Monthly Magazine

    Atomic Notes- (2024-25)The Best UPSC Monthly Magazine

    One of the first questions that comes to the mind of every UPSC aspirant at the start of their preparation is – What is the best UPSC monthly magazine? Which UPSC monthly current affairs magazine should I refer to? Now that you are here, consider all those questions answered once and for all.

    Fill out the form and access the notes

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    Here is what Aaditya, IAS, AIR 48 had to say about Atomic Notes.

    Aaditya, IAS, AIR 48 on Atomic Notes

    Atomic Notes is not your regular monthly magazine. Most regular monthly magazines are covering broad topics and missing the prelims focus required. They are bulky and not revision-ready.

    Atomic Notes will ensure that everything you need to repeatedly revise and memorize is in one place. The best part, they are free to download and are available in PDF format for easy access.

    Atomic Notes is the *only* Monthly CA you should refer to. Add new sources once you have covered Atomic Notes 100% end to end.

    1. Keyword-oriented to-the-point. Ensure maximum hit ratio in prelims and value-addition in mains.
    2. Designed for repeated revisions. 35-40 pages, 110-120 news items.
    3. Segregated sub-sections. eg. environment section is divided into species, protected areas, etc.  
    4. Covers The Hindu, Indian Express, PIB, and various other sources. Link to the parent story present.
    5. Strictly syllabus-based with a special focus on facts, data, committees, international news, etc. 

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    Elevate your UPSC preparation strategy and discover how to read our monthly current affairs magazine effectively, ensuring you are well-equipped for success in the UPSC examination. Choose the preferred choice of toppers and excel with the best monthly current affairs magazine for UPSC – your key to acing the exam!

  • Attempt UPSC Prelims Previous Year Questions(PYQs)-yearwise and subject-wise

    Attempt UPSC Prelims Previous Year Questions(PYQs)-yearwise and subject-wise

    Attempt PYQs Live with detailed solutions

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    Every topper has attempted UPSC Prelims PYQs. In fact many toppers have spent 3-4 months analyzing prelims questions. Needless to say, without attempting PYQs, you wont be able. PYQs are important because-

    1. Only through PYQs you get a clue about what and how UPSC is thinking. Without PYQs you will keep working on your own assumptions and that will not yield results.
    2. You understand the high-priority themes for UPSC. You can’t be studying like an 11th or 12th grader and then expect to clear the exam. These are not boards.
    3. Within those high-priority themes, the depth and dimensions being asked are very important. You have to closely observe them.
    4. Undertanding question framing, options.
    5. Attempting PYQs means simulating real exam conditions. Each question will appear like a bouncer. But can’t duck. You need to take shots.

    Once you attempt the PYQs, you will be emailed your attempt along with detailed explanations. The solution has been upgraded using UPSC answer key. We suggest you start attempting the paper from 2013. By the time to reach 2021, 2022 your marks should see an improvement.

    Every moment, at least 100 live attempters are appearing for the exam.

    Attempt PYQs Live with detailed solutions

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    Attempting PYQs is step 1. Analysing PYQs is step 2. Analysing PYQs can be very difficult. Fill the form and we will provide detailed handouts for themewise analysis.

    Attempt PYQs Live with detailed solutions

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  • [22 March 2024] The Hindu Op-ed: New capabilities: India and the Agni-V with MIRV

    [22 March 2024] The Hindu Op-ed: New capabilities: India and the Agni-V with MIRV

    Subjects:
    GS Papers:
    Distribution: ,

    PYQ Relevance:

    Mains:Q) Elucidate the relationship between globalization and new technology in a world of scarce resources, with special reference to India. (2022)

    Prelims:Which reference to Agni-IV Missile, which of the following statements is/are correct? (2015)

    (1) It is a surface-to-surface missile.

    (2) It is fuelled by liquid propellant only.

    (3) It can deliver one-tonne nuclear warheads about 7500 km away.

    Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    (a)1 only (b)2 and 3 only (c)1 and 3 only (d)1, 2 and 3

    Note4Students: 

    Prelims: Agni-V;

    Mains: Defence and Security; India’s Development in Science and Technology;

    Mentor comments: Dr. Kalam was instrumental in the development of indigenous radar systems and led the development of key missiles like Agni, Prithvi, Akash, and Trishul. Agni missiles, developed by the DRDO, have been integral to India’s defense arsenal since the early 1990s. The latest variant of Agni-V incorporates Multiple Independently Targetable Re-entry Vehicle (MIRV) technology, a sophisticated capability possessed by only a handful of countries globally. Interestingly, MIRV technology enables a single missile to target multiple locations primarily aimed at countering threats from China.

    Let’s learn.

    —

    Why in the News?

    On March 11, Prime Minister Narendra Modi used social media to announce India’s entry into a small club of countries capable of delivering multiple nuclear warheads on a single missile.

    Context:

    • This was accomplished with the maiden flight test of Agni-V, India’s longest-range ballistic missile with a range of over 5,000 kilometers.
    • It enhances its capability with Multiple Independently Targetable Re-entry Vehicle (MIRV) technology under ‘Mission Divyastra’ by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).
    Image2

    Features of Mission Divyastra:

    • Indigenous Technology: The MIRV system incorporates indigenous avionics systems and high-accuracy sensor packages to ensure precise targeting of re-entry vehicles.Range and Technology: Agni-V has a range of over 5,000 kilometers and features multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicle (MIRV) technology.Maiden Flight Test: DRDO conducted the maiden flight test of Agni-V, India’s longest-range ballistic missile, as part of ‘Mission Divyastra.’Development of canisterization: Since its first test in April 2012, Agni-V has undergone several developments, including canisterization for improved handling and operation.

    Significance for India:

    • Economic Perspective: The pursuit of advanced missile technologies, including MIRV capability, represents a significant investment in defense research and development. While it enhances India’s security, it also entails substantial financial costs and resource allocation, which must be managed effectively.
    • National Perspective:
      • Strategic Autonomy: By advancing its indigenous missile technology, including MIRV capability, India reduces its dependence on external suppliers for critical defense requirements.
      • No-First-Use Policy: India’s nuclear doctrine, based on a no-first-use policy, emphasizes credible minimum deterrence and massive retaliation in case of a second strike. MIRV-equipped missiles contribute to the credibility of India’s nuclear deterrence.
    • Asian Perspective:
      • Regional Security Dynamics: The deployment of MIRV-equipped missiles by India could potentially influence the strategic calculus of neighboring countries, particularly Pakistan, and contribute to stability or escalation depending on how it is perceived and managed.
      • China Factor: The choice of MIRV technology on Agni-V underscores India’s strategic focus on China, given the missile’s range and capability to overcome missile defenses. It serves as a deterrent against potential aggression from China and reinforces India’s strategic posture in the region.
    • Global Perspective:
      • Non-proliferation Norms: India’s successful development and deployment of MIRV technology on Agni-V enhance its standing as a responsible nuclear-armed state capable of safeguarding its security interests.
      • Completion of Nuclear Triad: India achieved the nuclear triad with the deployment of INS Arihant, its first nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine, in 2018. The addition of MIRV technology to Agni-V further enhances India’s nuclear triad capabilities, providing diversified and robust nuclear deterrence.

    Conclusion: India’s entry into the MIRV club through the successful test of Agni-V under ‘Mission Divyastra’ marks a significant milestone, enhancing its nuclear deterrence capabilities and showcasing indigenous technological prowess on the global stage.

    Source- https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/new-capabilities-india-and-the-agni-v-with-mirv/article67976702.ece

    https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/remembering-indias-missile-man-apj-abdul-kalam-his-10-big-achievements/articleshow/94865613.cms

  • UPSC CSE Prelims Postponed- 16th June instead of 26th May

    UPSC CSE Prelims Postponed- 16th June instead of 26th May

    This means.

    1. You have 20 days MORE to fine-tune your prelims preparation. Please get in touch with us to get a list of high-priority themes and the kind of questions being asked from them. At the very least, stop studying everything, cover these high-priority themes and attempt Full Length Tests. Please connect

    Connect for Prelims

    2. You have 20 days LESS for mains preparation. For top aspirants who understand the prelims game so well that they dont consider prelims a hurdle, request you to please get in touch so we can look at integrated mains preparation even at this point.

    The competition is intense, most likely you lost out due to fine-tuning in your previous attempt. Let’s put the best foot forward in this attempt. please connect-

    Connect for Mains

  • [18 March 2024] The Hindu Op-ed: The Myanmar conflict is a regional problem

    Subjects: ,
    GS Papers:

    Mains PYQ Relevance:

    1. Analyze internal security threats and transborder crimes along Myanmar, Bangladesh, and Pakistan borders including the Line of Control (LoC). Also, discuss the role played by various security forces in this regard. (UPSC CSE 2020)
    2. The cross-border movement of insurgents is only one of the several security challenges facing the policing of the border in North-East India. Examine the various challenges currently emanating across the India-Myanmar border. Also, discuss the steps to counter the challenges. (UPSC CSE 2019)
    3. Evaluate the economic and strategic dimensions of India’s Look East Policy in the context of the post-Cold War international scenario. (UPSC CSE 2016)

    Note4Students: 

    • Prelims: ASEAN; Bilateral Relations;
    • Mains: North-East India; Bilateral Relations; International Organisation; Act East Policy;

    Mentor comments: The conflict in Myanmar is not just a domestic issue but a regional problem that requires support from ASEAN and other international stakeholders. The situation on the ground is dire, with over two million civilians displaced within Myanmar and 1.5 million seeking refuge outside the country since the 2021 coup. This mass exodus has led to significant destabilization, affecting approximately 25 million people living in poverty in Myanmar. The conflict has spilled over into neighboring countries, posing security risks and humanitarian challenges for Bangladesh, China, India, and Thailand. We must study and analyze this issue given the ASEAN neighbors step up their efforts to resolve the conflict and support Myanmar’s people in their quest for stable, prosperous, and democratic resolutions.

    Let’s learn.

    —

    Why in the News?

    Despite efforts by ASEAN and other international bodies to mediate, the conflict has worsened over the past three years.

    • By the end of 2023, most of Myanmar’s townships are experiencing active fighting, with a substantial portion out of democratic control.
    What is the Current Situation?
    • By the end of 2023, around 40% of Myanmar’s townships were beyond the junta’s control, with a surge in resistance groups challenging the junta’s authority.
    • Operation 1027, an offensive by ethnic forces in October 2023, successfully overran numerous junta camps and gained control of border gates.

    What are the two major causes that are responsible for the illegal migration of the Myanmar Population?

    Since the 2021 coup in Myanmar, the two major issues have led to significant displacement, with over 1.5 million individuals seeking refuge outside the country.

    • The Ethnic Conflict and ‘Rohingya Crisis’:
      • The crisis has particularly affected the Rohingya population, with more than 960,000 Rohingya refugees living in Bangladesh, primarily in the Cox’s Bazar region.
      • Previously the conflict escalated in August 2017, leading to a massive exodus of Rohingya refugees following brutal crackdowns by the military in Rakhine State.
      • This was described as “the most persecuted minority in the world,” that faced decades of violence, discrimination, and persecution in Myanmar.
    • Natural Disasters:
      • The situation has been worsened by environmental hazards like cyclones and monsoons, which pose additional risks with inadequate shelter and sanitation facilities.
      • Cyclone Mocha in May 2023 caused widespread destruction and impacted Rohingya refugees.
      • Although the International community, including organizations like UNHCR, is working towards providing humanitarian assistance, protection, and support, still the issue continues with escalations.

    The challenges for ASEAN in Stability with Myanmar:

    • Ineffectiveness of ASEAN:
      • Despite claims of over 260 meetings by Indonesia, the ASEAN chair, to address the crisis in Myanmar, the conflict in Myanmar has worsened over the past three years, with most townships experiencing active fighting and a significant portion out of the junta’s control.
      • ASEAN special envoy was stonewalled by Naypyidaw. This has been criticized for its inability to address the escalating violence and human rights abuses in Myanmar.
    • Post-Coup Dilemma:
      • After the 2021 coup in Myanmar, international stakeholders, including the US, UN, and EU, looked to ASEAN to lead efforts in resolving the conflict.
      • However, ASEAN was engaged in discussions with junta leader General Min Aung Hlaing, reaching a five-point consensus after one month of serious events like the looting of Mizzima’s headquarters.
    • Criticism for Ignoring People’s Response:
      • Despite widespread calls for an end to military rule and the establishment of democracy, the State Administration Council (SAC) – the junta’s self-styled name – continues to ignore the people’s demands.
      • The junta has escalated its suppression tactics, including arbitrary arrests, torture, extrajudicial killings, and attacks on civilians and journalists, disregarding the population’s pleas for change.

    Challenges faced by Independent Media in Myanmar:

    • Media Landscape Post-Coup: Post military coup in 2021, led to severe crackdowns on independent media outlets, with licenses revoked and journalists facing violent repression hampering Freedom of Expression.
      • Myanmar’s media landscape has evolved over the years, transitioning from strict censorship to more openness before facing setbacks post-coup.
      Journalists’ Safety: Journalists were among the first targets after the coup, leading to arrests, killings, and a significant decline in the fundamentals of Living Rights and Press Freedom.
    • Financial Struggles: Independent media outlets in Myanmar face financial challenges due to a collapse in digital advertising prices and restrictions on social media platforms.

    How India’s Act East Policy can play a significant role in addressing the Myanmar issue?

    • Economic Development and Trade: By promoting trade relations with ASEAN countries for economic development and industrialization, India can contribute to Myanmar’s economic growth and stability, which is crucial for addressing the ongoing crisis.
    • Connectivity and Infrastructure Development: Projects like the Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Port Project, which connects India’s eastern seaports to Myanmar’s Sittwe Port, initiatives can improve trade routes and facilitate economic development in Myanmar, contributing to stability and progress.
    • Humanitarian Assistance and Refugee Crisis: The Act East Policy can address the humanitarian aspect by providing support to refugees and working towards resolving the root causes of displacement, India can contribute to alleviating the humanitarian challenges faced by Myanmar and its people.
    • Diplomatic Engagement and Regional Cooperation: India’s diplomatic efforts within ASEAN through active engagement and dialogue, India can support peace-building initiatives and contribute to stability in Myanmar.

    Conclusion: The international community, including ASEAN and the UN, continues to work towards finding a political solution in Myanmar, emphasizing the importance of coordinated action, targeted sanctions, and diplomatic efforts to address the crisis and protect the people of Myanmar.

    https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/the-myanmar-conflict-is-a-regional-problem/article67961958.ece

    https://thewire.in/article/south-asia/has-military-rule-in-myanmar-affected-indias-act-east-policy

    https://economictimes.com/news/india/significance-of-myanmar-in-indias-act-east-policy/articleshow/101763567.cms

    https://timesofindia.com/india/explainer-why-myanmar-is-a-major-hurdle-to-indias-act-east-push/articleshow/101810016.cms

  • History Flash Notes

    Recommended by AIR16, AIR22, AIR48 and others.

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    In the last 3 years, a lot of things have changed about UPSC-CSE preparation. Core books like NCERTs, Laxmikanth are a great starting point but they need to be substituted with your own notes that are precise and help you recall everything.

    Every Topper has put in an extraordinary effort to streamline their notes. It was an obsession. It took them multiple iterations and failed attempts to finally get to a version that helped them cut down on the revision time and remove the dependency on the core books. 

    Take the example of Council Acts that you start with. You need to understand

    1. How the executive/legislature has been evolving with each act, and their powers. 
    2. The new bodies being created BOC, COD, and their mandates.   
    3. How were the Provinces being impacted?
    4. Finally, the key features and points to note for each Act.  

    Get UPSC History Flash Notes Here

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    Likewise for various other topics in Modern History.

  • 15 Days Polity NCERT Challenge with PYQs-1st session today

    Hello Aspirants, How is josh!

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    See you at 5PM on Civilsdaily YouTube Live + 1 LGF Apsara Arcade classroom.

    This is Dinesh Sir on this side. I was overwhelmed with the response that the Polity NCERT Challenge has received in its very 1st edition. Close to 7k students turned up for the 1st session. This is huge! But at the same time, so many students were not able to complete the series.

    This time, let’s take a pledge to complete the challenge.

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    This is not your regular Polity Course.

    1. PYQ oriented course focusing on high-impact areas within chapters.
    2. Ensure you dont get questions wrong from NCERT because you are not looking at the right place.
    3. Daily Answer Writing of PYQs – we assure you that your answers will be evaluated.
    4. Notes and other helper material

    Submit your answers to staff@civilsdaily.com

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  • Harappan Civilization – Early (3500BC – 1900BC), Mature (1900BC-1400BC)

    The IVC or Harappan civilization was the 1st urban civilization in South Asia.
    Geographical extent:
    North – Shortugai (Afghanistan)
    West – Sutkagendor (Baluchistan)
    East – Alamgirpur (UP)
    South – Daimabad (MH)
    Rakhigarhi in Haryana being the largest IVC site

    Town Planning

    FeaturesDescriptionSignificance
    Division of City1. Raise part (called citadel): considered of housing for rulers and important public buildings such as granaries, workshops. It is mostly situated in west of city. 2. Lower part (Eastern side of town): consisted of houses of common citizens1. It shows the presence of social hierarchy and some administrative authority. 2. The Public and Private sphere was separated as town was divided into two parts
    StreetsIt followed a grid pattern (i.e. streets cut each other at right angles, thus dividing city into several rectangular blocks.It shows excellent knowledge of measurement and urban planning of Harappan people.
    Drainage systemDrains connected all houses and were made up of mortar, lime and gypsum and covered with large brick slabs for easy cleaning.It shows Harappan people paid great attention to Health and Sanitation.
    HousesThey were often of two or more stories, but no window faced the streets.Often the 2nd story was made on 1st when it had subsided. It shows Harappan inhabited the place for longer time
    Building materialsStandardized burnt bricks – bricks of ratio 1:2:4 found in all the sites (no stone was used)It shows the presence of centralized weights and measurement systems.

    Society

    FeaturesDescriptionSignificance
    Division in societyHarappan society was an urban society and comprised of at least three distinct social groups: Rulers, rich merchants and poor labourers who lived in lower part of cityIt shows the DOL and specialization in Harappan society. It also shows that Harappan had well organized administrative machinery.
    ClothingHarappan people generally wore garments
    of cotton and wool    		It shows advancement in the weaving of cotton and
    wool and diversification of choices.
    Food
    Habits    		1. The Harappan societies of Sindh and Punjab largely consumed wheat and barley while those of Rangpur and Surkotda consumed rice and milles. Fish and Molluscs eating was common.
    2. Dairy production evidence has been found by recent molecular study at the Kotada Bhadli (Gujarat) – Harppan cattle called Zebu    		The urban settlements near river valleys provided
    fertile ground for a variety of crops to be grown.
    Harappans were advanced in their agriculture
    practices
    ReligionHarappan believed nature worship – gods in the form of trees such as Peepal and animals (bull). Idolatry was prevealent, they also worshipped Mother goddess, Pasupati yogi (lord of cattle) and Phalic symbolsHarappans were called secular society as no temple
    (except for the great bath) or religion have been
    found (unlike in other contemporary civilizations)
    Script and Languages1. Harappan script is Pictographic and Logo syllabic (each symbol stood for a word)
    2. Harappan writing was Boustrophedon (right to left and then left to right in alternate lines)
    3. Script disappeared by 1700 BCE, showing the lack of percolation of the writings of IVC to other civilizations.    		1. Recent theories have pointed out the similarity between ancient Tamil and Harappan scripts. But until the Harappan script is deciphered, the conclusion cannot be made.
    2. The various evidence of common script points to great cultural integration during IVC.
    BeliefsHarappans believed in evil forces and ghosts and used amulets as protection against them.This was true about most of the primitive society.
    Burial
    Practices
    		Dead bodies were placed in North – South direction (extended inhumation) and were accompanied by food, pottery, jewelry, etc. The graveyard was within settlement and had three types of burials.
    >Complete burial
    >Fraction burial (burial of bones after exposure of body to birds and beasts)
    >Cremation following by burial of ashes    		It shows their strong belief in life after death which
    was similar to belief system of other contemporary
    civilizations, however; items kept were not as
    expensive as other civilizations.

    Economy

    FeaturesDescriptionSignificance
    Agricultural economyMain crops were Wheat, Barley, Rice (found in Lothal and Rangpur only), Dates Mustard, Cotton (1st in word)It shows advancement of Harappans in agriculture technology – used wooden ploughshare, well irrigation (Alladinho), Dams and irrigation canals (Dholavira)
    Manufacturing1. Terracotta figurines: figurines of animals, humans (more female than
    male figurines), Bangles, Seals
    2. Art of Bead – making (Chanhudaro and Lothal), jewelery – gold and silver
    jewellery
    >At Allahdino a lot of necklaces made of gold, silver and semi –
    precious stones have been found
    3. Harappans did not use Iron but used copper, bronze, silver and gold
    >The number of pure copper artifacts was found in greater number than alloyed bronze
    one
    4. Harappans were first to use silver in world.
    5. Shell – Nageshwar and Balakot
    Lapis Lazuli – Shortugai
    Carnelian – Lothal
    Steatite – South Rajasthan
    Copper – Rajasthan and Oman    		1. A large number of terracotta articles show that
    it was used by common people.
    2. Harappans were good at metallurgy and
    producing alloys.
    3. There was specialization of tasks –
    Goldsmiths, bronze – smiths, brick – makers.
    4. More copper artifacts don’t mean
    technological backwardness but it was their
    cultural preference in all likelihood
    PotteryUsed Red and Black pottery (Redware painted with black designs) and also
    knew use of Potter’s wheel with ease    		Shows expertise of Harappans in pottery making. Ex: Glazed potter (Harappa), incised
    pottery, perforated pottery, etc.
    TradeHarappans had trade with Mesopotamia, Central Asia, Persia, Afghanistan Makan (Oman) and Dilmun (Bahrain). Trade was through barter system. Export items: Teak (obtained from Gujarat), Amazonite (Hirapuri, GJ), Slate (Kangra), Lead (Kashmir and South India), Copper (from Baluchistan and RJ (Khetri mines))  Import items: Jade (Central Asia), Turquoise (from Khorasan), Lapis Lazuli, Gold, Silver, Tin (from Afghanistan)(Gold was also obtained from Iran and Kolar mines in Karnataka), Steatite (Iran)It shows the advanced trade relation of Harappan civilization with other parts of India as well as
    also with other contemporary civilizations.
    Harappan seal found at Susa, UR and Nippur (Mesopotamia), Failaka and
    Bahrain (Persian Gulf)
     Mesopotamian three cylinder seals have been found in Mohenjo – Daro
    Weights and Measures1. Weights followed a binary system – 1, 2, 8, 16, 32, to 64, 160, 320 and so on 2. Weights were made of chert, limestone and steatite and were generally cubical. The measure of length was based upon a foot of 37.6 cm and a cubit.The standardized and accuracy of weights and measures throughout IVC are remarkable
    Seals1. Made up of steatite
    2. Size – half an inch to 2.5 inch
    3. Shape – generally square and
    rectangular seals with carved animal and
    inscription was used.
    4. Humpless bull is the most used animal
    in seals.    		Harappan scales are greatest artistic creation and
    were used to mark ownership of property and in
    trade

    Important Sites:

    SiteFeatures
    Harappa (on Ravi river)
    Discovered Daya Ram
    Sahni – 1921    		1. 1st Indus site to be discovered
    2. 2 rows of 6 granaries
    3. largest number of wheat grains
    4. red sandstone torso of nude male
    5. evidence of coffin burial
    6. two types of burial practice – R37 type and cemetery H type
    Mohenjo – Daro
    (Mounds of Dead)
    (on Indus river)
    Discovered (R.B.Banerji
    – 1922)    		1. 2nd Indus site to be discovered
    2. Great granary (largest building)
    3. Pasupati seal
    4. Bronze dancing girl
    5. Steatite image of bearded man said to be priest
    6. 3 cylindrical seals of Mesopotamia
    7. Great Bath
    8. hordes of skeletons found on stairs (indicating warfare)
    9. multi – pillar assembly halls
    10. Has no cemeteries
    11. Bronze mirror, needle, saw and Bronze statue of bull
    Lothal (Bhogava
    river)(also means
    mounds of dead)
    (discovered by S R Rao –
    1957)    		1. Artificial dockyard (world’s 1st tidal port)
    2. evidence of double burial (male and female)
    3.Cultivation of rice (at Lothal and Rangpur)
    4. Beadmaker’s shop (also exported)
    5. terracotta model of boats
    6. Ivory scale
    7. Known for cotton trade (Manchester of IVC)
    8. Circular button seal (Persian Gulf seal)
    9. Two terracotta models of Egyptian Mummies (shows trade relation with Nile
    valley civilization)
    10. Painted story on Earthen jar resembling story of cunning fox in Panchtantra
    11. Sacrificial Altar (at Lothal and Kalibangan) – Shows medical and surgical
    skills
    Dholavira (khadir bet
    island in Kutch Desert
    Wildlife)
    Discovered by J P jhoshi
    – 1967 – 68    		1. Inscription of 10 alphabet signboard
    2. Megalith burial
    3. Warehousing settlement
    4. Gold rings (also at Mandi and Daimabad)
    5. Shows all three phases of Harappan culture
    6. located on tropic of cancer
    7. use of sandstone and bricks
    8. evidence of dams, irrigation, water reservoir, water harvesting system and
    embankments
    9. Town is divided into 3 parts (upper, middle and lower). Walled city with heavy
    fortification.
    10. important center of maritime trade (declined with decline of Mesopotamian
    civilization, showing integration of trade economy)
    11. Dholavira – UNESCO world heritage site (India’s 40th)
    Rakhigarhi (on Ghaggar
    – Hakra river, Haryana
    Discovered by
    Amarendra Nath – 1997    		1. Largest IVC site in India (also claimed to be largest IVC site)
    2. evidence of domestication of dog
    3. manufacturing center of terracotta (idly shaped)
    4. painted potteries in large numbers
    5. DNA findings of skeletal remains of woman
    6. sudden demise can be explained by drying up of Saraswati in 2000 BC.
    Chanhudaro (Indus
    river)    		1. Known for cotton textile (Lancashire of IVC)
    2. No citadel (only IVC city)
    3. largest number of copper tools found
    Kalibangan (Ghaggar
    river)(means Black
    Bangles)    		1. Wells found in every home
    2. Evidence of mixed cropping
    3. Earliest ploughed field in India
    4. Fire altars (shows cult of sacrifice)
    Bhirrana (Haryana)Now considered to be oldest discovered IVC dating back to 7500 BCE
    (earlier Mehrgarh (Pak) was cnosdered to be oldest
    Ropar (Sutlej river) –evidence of dog burial with human
    Banwali (Ghaggar river)evidence of largest barley grain, radial street, clay model of plough
    Kot Diji (Indus) –Pre – Harappan site, largest stone tools
    Alamgirupur
    (Hindon river) –    		late Harappan culture
    Surkotada –evidence of Pot burial
    Amri (Indus river) –Pre – Harappan site
    Rangpur (Madar river) –yellow and grey colour pot of pre – Harappan people found
  • [Released]50 National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries in News but not covered by Core Books

    [Released]50 National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries in News but not covered by Core Books

    Hi Aspirants,

    You know, core books are covering the most commonly found protected areas with all the broad based information. But that wont give you an edge. New exam pattern demands you invest time in all the protected areas that have been in news, specially those that have been important from conservation perspective.

    We have covered the following areas with newslinks so you can read the original source.

    Buxa National Park
    Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park (PNHZP)
    Dampa Tiger Reserve
    Eravikulam National Park
    Manas National Park (Study on Clouded Leopards)
    Kuno National Park (Cheetah Translocation)
    Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary
    Rushikulya rookery, Odisha
    Silent Valley National Park
    Kaziranga National Park
    Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary
    Bandipur Tiger Reserve
    Nugu Wildlife Sanctuary
    Valmiki Tiger Reserve (VTR)
    Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary (WWS)
    Kishtwar High Altitude National Park
    Changthang Cold Desert Sanctuary
    Karakoram (Nubra Shyok) WLS
    National Chambal Sanctuary (NCS)
    Veerangana Durgavati Tiger Reserve
    Nauradehi Tiger Reserve
    Madhav National Park (MNP)
    Sanjay Gandhi National Park
    Bhitarkanika National Park (BNP)
    Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary
    Desert National Park (DNP)
    Ranthambore Tiger Reserve (RTR)
    Sariska Tiger Reserve (STR)
    Tal Chhapar Blackbuck Sanctuary
    Mudumalai Tiger Reserve (MTR)
    Sepahijala Wildlife Sanctuary
    Dachigam Wildlife Sanctuary
    Machiara National Park
    Kambalakonda Wildlife Sanctuary
    Daroji Bear Sanctuary
    Keibul Lamjao National Park
    Hemis National Park
    Ghughwa Fossil National Park
    Guru Ghasidas (Sanjay) National Park
    Kanger Valley National Park
    Cauvery South Wildlife Sanctuary
    Ranipur Tiger Reserve
    Simlipal Tiger Reserve
    Khangchendzonga National Park
    Shivalik Elephant Reserve
    Orang National Park
    Askot Wildlife Sanctuary
    Papikonda National Park
    Shoolpaneswar Wildlife Sanctuary
    Corbett Tiger Reserve (CTR)

    Yes. I want SureShot Notes

    Register Now!
  • UPSC Interview Schedule released | Enroll here for a 1-1 DAF session and mock interview with senior bureaucrats

    UPSC Interview Schedule released | Enroll here for a 1-1 DAF session and mock interview with senior bureaucrats

    Download Interview Competency Document- 1000 Qs PDF on registration

    Click here

    The next list is out guys. Please check the details.

    Interview-ScheduleDownload

    If you are aspiring to be in the Foreign Service or have Pol. Sc. and IR as your optional, then a Mock Panel with Ambassador Rajiva Misra is an absolute must.

    Dr. Shivin immensely benefited from his interactions with Rajiva Sir.

    There is no one better than Ambassador Rajiva to train under for your interviews. Head of the United Nations Division dealing with economic and social issues, India’s Deputy Chief of Mission to the World Trade Organization (WTO), Director at the Afghanistan-Iran desk in the Ministry of External Affairs-There is no one like him. He is a class apart. Sir has been kind enough to give us a few slots from his busy schedule.

    Download Interview Competency Document- 1000 Qs PDF on registration

    Click here
  • FREE for 24 Hours. Dominate SureShot Notes

    FREE for 24 Hours. Dominate SureShot Notes

    Hello aspirants, how is josh!

    Our philosophy is simple. There are 20 SureShot themes and these need dedicated focus. Need to be your number 1 priority.

    Yes. I want SureShot Notes

    Register Now!
    20-themes-for-PrelimsDownload

    You need to (1)prioritize based on the frequency of news + you need to be (2)comprehensive covering all dimensions that have been asked in Previous Year Questions.

    Here are snippets from our Schemes and Species notes.

    Yes. I want SureShot Notes

    Register Now!

    The story doesn’t stop here! Having consolidated notes is the 1st step.

    You need to prepare these topics through the prism of PYQs. Here is a video where Zeeshan Sir is explaining various interesting dimensions-how you need to focus on ‘superlatives’, questions from popular species won’t be direct, how to spot unconventional species, etc.

    I want to know how to prepare better.

    Register Now!

    I only want SureShot Notes

    Register Now!
  • [FREE pdf]All Species Compilation for Prelims 2024+Z Sir’s Session Today

    [FREE pdf]All Species Compilation for Prelims 2024+Z Sir’s Session Today

    Hello aspirants, how is the josh!

    Get 80 Species with NewsLink

    Register Now!

    This is Zeeshan Hashmi,

    Join my session and we will be discussing these notes.

    Species in News is the top theme among the 20 SureShot Themes. At least 3-5 questions are expected from it.

    [2021]Q.Consider the following animals
    1. Hedgehog
    2. Marmot
    3. Pangolin
    To reduce the chance of being captured by predators, which of the above organisms rolls up/roll up and protects/protect its/their vulnerable parts?
    (a) 1 and 2
    (b) 2 only
    (c) 3 only
    (d) 1 and 3

    [2022]Q.Which of the following is not a bird?

    (a) Golden Mahseer

    (b) Indian Nightjar

    (c) Spoonbill

    (d) White Ibis

    But getting these questions right is not easy. We need to prioritize news and cover all dimensions.

    You need to be thorough with

    1. Species repeatedly in news
    2. Species that are higher up in the IUCN status
    3. Most striking fact – heaviest bird, only flying squirrel, etc.
    4. If its a state animal.
    5. Natural Habitat.
    6. Conservation measures.

    Our material is built using this philosophy. It covers everything. Here is a snippet

    Get 80 Species with NewsLink

    Register Now!

    20-themes-for-PrelimsDownload

    Dominate Prelims Crash Course starts this 25th. Enrol now!

    I want Dominate Prelims

    Register Now!
  • Dominate Prelims week 3 – Timetable Out

    Dominate Prelims week 3 – Timetable Out

    I want to attend lecture

    Register Now!

    Dominate Prelims Phase 1 will start Tomorrow, Monday the 8th Jan.

    The timetable for the upcoming week is as follows-

    DateLectureFaculty
    22th, MondayHoliday occasion of the Ram temple ‘Pran Pratishtha’–
    23rd, TuesdayEconomics IDinesh Sir
    24th, WednesdayIndian Space Program
    Sumit Sir
    25th, Thursday, 2PMEconomics IIDinesh Sir
    26th, FridayHoliday occasion of Republic DayJatin Sir

    The philosophy of Dominate is as follows – In January Phase 1, we plan to cover 15 High Yielding Topics like Govt Schemes, International Organizations, Species, etc. You can expect up to 50 questions from these 15 themes. With just 5 months to go, your 1st reading should happen RIGHT NOW

    15-Major-Themes-for-UPSC-Prelims-2024Download

    After the class, we will continue the discussion on telegram. If we have to ensure we dont miss a single question, we will have to put in more effort beyond the classroom.

    I want to attend lecture

    Register Now!
  • Dominate Prelims week 2 – Timetable Out

    Dominate Prelims week 2 – Timetable Out

    I want to attend lecture

    Register Now!

    Dominate Prelims Phase 1 will start Tomorrow, Monday the 8th Jan.

    The timetable for the upcoming week is as follows-

    DateLectureFaculty
    15th, MondayEnvironment-Species IJatin Sir
    16th, TuesdayEnvironment-Species IIJatin Sir
    17th, WednesdayArt and Culture IAyush Sir
    18th, ThursdayArt and Culture IIAyush Sir
    19th, FridayActs and PoliciesJatin Sir

    The philosophy of Dominate is as follows – In January Phase 1, we plan to cover 15 High Yielding Topics like Govt Schemes, International Organizations, Species, etc. You can expect up to 50 questions from these 15 themes. With just 5 months to go, your 1st reading should happen RIGHT NOW

    15-Major-Themes-for-UPSC-Prelims-2024Download

    Class tomorrow at 2PM. See your at 8LGF Apsara Arcade.

    After the class, we will continue the discussion on telegram. If we have to ensure we dont miss a single question, we will have to put in more effort beyond the classroom.

    I want to attend lecture

    Register Now!
  • Aradhana Johri, IAS-Interview mentor for AIR 16, AIR 22, AIR 48 and other

    Aradhana Johri, IAS-Interview mentor for AIR 16, AIR 22, AIR 48 and other

    Register for 3-Level Exclusive UPSC Interview Program.

    Get a dedicated mentor, on-call DAF analysis, DAF-based personalized questionnaire, and Situational questionnaire(FREE)

    Click here

    Hello Aspirants, How is the josh!

    Meet Aradhana Ma’am-an extraordinary bureaucrat, author, and humanitarian.

    Ms. Aradhana Johri, IAS of 1980 has had an illustrious career in Civil Services. In her last stint, she was the Chairperson, National Authority for Chemical Weapons Convention Government of India and Secretary, of the Department of Disinvestment, Ministry of Finance, Government of India. Both these positions go to extraordinary bureaucrats with a remarkable track record.

    Her remarkable career in the Civil Services spans 36 years, during which she served in both the Government of India and the Uttar Pradesh Government. Throughout her tenure, she held significant portfolios, including health, industries, dairies, and social welfare. Notably, she served as Secretary of Disinvestment in the Ministry of Finance and later in the Department of Pharmaceuticals. Besides her illustrious career, Ms. Aradhana Johri is a celebrated author, renowned for her notable works such as “Beyond the Misty Veil: Temple Tales of Uttarakhand.”

    The Interview Stage is a crucial stage and a chance for you to easily score 190+ provided you are guided with the right feedback.

    Seasoned bureaucrats will not ask you silly pressure test questions – proposing to a glass, writing a random prescription. They ask you thought-provoking questions in line with what will be asked in the exam.

    Maam’s meticulousness is visible from the extensive research she does on the DAF of each candidate.

    Register for 3-Level Exclusive UPSC Interview Program.

    Get a dedicated mentor, on-call DAF analysis, DAF-based personalized questionnaire, and Situational questionnaire(FREE)

    Click here
  • Dominate Prelims Phase 1 classes start tomorrow – Timetable Out

    Dominate Prelims Phase 1 classes start tomorrow – Timetable Out

    I want to attend lecture

    Register Now!

    Dominate Prelims Phase 1 will start Tomorrow, Monday the 8th Jan.

    The timetable for the upcoming week is as follows-

    DateLectureFaculty
    8th, MondaySchemes IJatin Sir
    9th, TuesdaySchemes IIJatin Sir
    10th, WednesdayInternational
    Organizations I    		Venus Maam
    11th, ThursdayInternational
    Organizations II    		Venus Maam
    12th, FridaySpeciesPoornina Maam

    The philosophy of Dominate is as follows – In January Phase 1, we plan to cover 15 High Yielding Topics like Govt Schemes, International Organizations, Species, etc. You can expect up to 50 questions from these 15 themes. With just 5 months to go, your 1st reading should happen RIGHT NOW

    15-Major-Themes-for-UPSC-Prelims-2024Download

    1st class tomorrow at 2PM. See your at 8LGF Apsara Arcade.

    After the class, we will continue the discussion on telegram. If we have to ensure we dont miss a single question, we will have to put in more effort beyond the classroom.

    I want to attend lecture

    Register Now!
  • [FREE pdf]All Govt. Schemes Compilation for Prelims 2024

    [FREE pdf]All Govt. Schemes Compilation for Prelims 2024

    Hello aspirants, how is the josh!

    Get 100 Schemes PDF Now

    Register Now!

    This is Zeeshan Hashmi. I want all my students to beat prelims cutoffs by a comfortable margin.

    Govt. Schemes are the top theme among the 20 SureShot Themes that require focused attention. At least 3-5 questions are expected from it.

    [2023]Consider the following statements in relation to Janani Suraksha Yojna:

    1. It is safe motherhood intervention of the State Health Departments.

    2. Its objective is to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality among poor pregnant women.

    3. It aims to promote institutional delivery among poor pregnant women.

    4. Its objective includes providing public health facilities to sick infants up to one year of age.

    How many of the statements given above are correct?

    (a) Only one

    (b) Only two

    (c) Only three

    (d) All four

    [2022]With reference to Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission, consider the following statements :

    1. Private and public hospitals must adopt it.

    2. As it aims to achieve universal health coverage, every citizen of India should be part of it ultimately.

    3. It has seamless portability across the country.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    (a) 1 and 2 only

    (b) 3 only

    (c) 1 and 3 only

    (d) 1, 2 and 3

    But getting these questions right is not easy. With over 1000 schemes, portals, and initiatives – it is impossible to memorize all the details.

    We are releasing 100 Govt. Schemes that have been in the news repeatedly over the last 1.5 years. We are providing news links and dates so you can refer to articles and establish their relevance.

    Our 1st priority is to ensure we dont get a single question wrong from these 100 schemes.

    Get 100 Schemes PDF Now

    Register Now!

    Dominate Prelims Phase 1 will start on 25th Jan. We will focus on covering 15 High Yielding Topics like Govt Schemes, International Organizations, Species, etc. You can expect up to 50 questions from these 15 themes. With just 5 months to go, your 1st reading should happen RIGHT NOW

    After the class, we will continue the discussion on telegram. If we have to ensure we dont miss a single question, we will have to put in more effort beyond the classroom.

    On 8th, the 1st lecture will be on Govt. Schemes with Jatin Sir. See you there!

    I want to attend lecture

    Register Now!

  • Prelims TS CA 03 Test Released. Attempt it NOW

    Prelims TS Recommended by AIR 16,22,48&250+ other rankers. Attempt the Test here

    Register Now!

    Hi Students! How is the josh.

    Our Prime TS test is out. We have started releasing sample questions from our tests to ensure more and more students turn up for the test on time instead of procrastinating till the last month before prelims.

    Our questions are very meticulously crafted to ensure 100% alignment + maximum hit ratio with UPSC Prelims. Any serious aspirant cannot afford to miss out on these questions.

    Q.1) Which among the following factors can be the reason to initiate a Currency swap between two parties?

    1. To hedge the risk of a certain currency
    2. To Reduce the cost of raising funds
    3. A country facing the risk of debt default.
    4. Promote own currency in the international market

    Select the correct option:

    The new pattern of the UPSC prelims focuses on external sectors of the Indian Economy. More than 10 questions in the last 3 years on-REER, NEER, dollar-rupee relationship, indirect transfers, international trade, BoP, and currency devaluation. 

    Currency Swap was in the news last year for SAARC and in this year’s news as well. 

    Q.2) Which one of the following statements is correct about ‘Walking Leaves’?

    1.  These are tiny, flat leaves that overlap each other and are often found on plants like cacti and succulents.
    2. These are also known as leaf-tailed geckos because they look like leaves.
    3. These leaves are long, thin, and pointed usually found on plants that live in very dry or cold places.
    4. These insects are famous for looking just like leaves which helps them hide in their natural homes.

    In the Environment, keyword-based questions have increased. Some examples are Lemon grass, Filter feeder, Bollgard, ACE2, Bisphenol A, etc.

    Q.3) Consider the following with respect to ‘One Future Alliance(OFA)’ 

    1. It is an initiative of India and the United Nations Development Programme. 
    2. It is a part of Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) partnership. 
    3. It enables countries to innovate using existing open-source customizable stacks for their own and the world’s future. 

    Select the correct option:

    International Organisations, Conventions, and Treaties are some of the most important themes in Prelims and cover more than 90% of the IR section.

    The International Monetary Fund covered an article “Policy Priorities for the G20: One Earth, One Family, One Future” on One Future Alliance which makes it even more important.

    Practicing is more important than reading. Get going!

    Recommended by AIR 16,22,48&250+ other rankers. Attempt the Test here

    Register Now!

    For the detailed timetable, fill the form here.

  • Shankar Aggarwal, IAS – Meet our UPSC Interview Panelist

    Shankar Aggarwal, IAS – Meet our UPSC Interview Panelist

    Register for 3-Level Exclusive UPSC Interview Program.

    Get a dedicated mentor, on-call DAF analysis, DAF-based personalized questionnaire, and Situational questionnaire (FREE)

    Click here

    Hello Aspirants, How is the josh!

    The Interview Stage is the most important stage and a chance for you to very easily score 190+ provided you are guided with the right feedback.

    Seasoned bureacrats will not ask you silly pressure test questions – proposing to a glass, writing a random prescription. They ask you thought provoking questions inline with what will be asked in the actual exam.

    Meet Shankar Sir

    There is no one more accomplished than Shankar Sir. Interacting with him is an experience in himself. People in the actual interview board are his juniors and respect him immensely.

    Top Rankers with CD Mock Interview

    Mr. Shankar Aggarwal is a retired IAS Officer of 1980 batch from U.P. Cadre. He holds a Bachelor of Engineering Degree in Electronics and Communications from the University of Roorkee (now IIT, Roorkee)
    and a Master’s Degree in Computer Technology from IIT, Delhi. For his contributions and achievements, he has been awarded the lifetime achievement award by IIT Roorkee.

    He has had a distinguished career in Civil Services. Retired as Secretary, Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India where he worked on key initiatives such as reforms in Juvenile Justice Act, establishment of Nirbhaya centres, Beti Bachao Beti Padhao scheme etc.

    As Secretary, Ministry of Labour and Employment, he introduced 4 Labour Codes replacing 44 Central Labour Laws. He also brought far reaching
    amendments in Maternity Benefits Act by enhancing the paid leave period from 12 weeks to 26 weeks.

    As Secretary, Ministry of Urban Development, he was Chairman of all Metro Corporations of the country and introduced many new metro rail projects. He is also credited with launching of Swacch Bharat Abhiyan, Urban Rejuvenation Program, Smart City Program and Rapid Rail Mass Transport.

    He has extremely rich and varied experience or working in sensitive and important ministries and departments for Government of India
    and State Governments.

    Register for 3-Level Exclusive UPSC Interview Program.

    Get a dedicated mentor, on-call DAF analysis, DAF-based personalized questionnaire, and Situational questionnaire (FREE)

    Click here
  • 15 Days Economics NCERT Challenge-1st session today

    15 Days Economics NCERT Challenge-1st session today

    Hello Aspirants, How is josh!

    Join FREE #15days Economics Challenge
    Register Now!

    See you at 5PM on Civilsdaily YouTube Live + 1 LGF Apsara Arcade classroom.

    This is Dinesh Sir on this side. I was overwhelmed with the response that the Polity NCERT Challenge has received in its very 1st edition. Close to 6k students turned up for the 1st session and overall over 30k students participated in the Challenge. This is huge!

    We are back with the 15-Day Economics NCERT Challenge. We have already had the Orientation Session.

    This is not your regular Economics Course. You have done so many of them and you still haven’t understood the crux of the subject.

    You are repeatedly getting questions wrong from NCERT because you are not looking at the right place.

    Lets kill it with Economics. For the next 15 days, there will be live lectures + you will be asked to submit Proof of Work(PoW) for EVERY chapter-Notes, assignments, research that I will announce in every live class.

    Join FREE #15days Economics Challenge
    Register Now!