First Human Case of Avian H5N2 Infection

Why in the News?

• The World Health Organization (WHO) has confirmed the death of a Mexican resident due to bird flu, marking the first confirmed case of human infection with the H5N2 variant.
  • This H5N2 strain is different from another bird flu variety-H5N1 which infected people in America recently.

What is Avian Influenza A (H5N2)?

• Avian Influenza A (H5N2) is a subtype of the influenza A virus that primarily circulates among birds but can infect humans under certain circumstances.
• Human infections typically result from direct contact with infected birds or contaminated environments, showcasing the zoonotic nature of the virus.

Symptoms of H5N2

• Infection of H5N2 may cause mild to severe upper respiratory tract infections and can be fatal.
• Conjunctivitis, gastrointestinal symptoms, encephalitis and encephalopathy have also been reported.

Diagnostic and Treatment Protocols

• Laboratory Diagnosis: The identification of avian influenza in humans necessitates laboratory testing to confirm the presence of the virus.
• WHO Guidance: The World Health Organization periodically updates technical protocols, such as RT-PCR methods, to enhance the detection of zoonotic influenza.
• Treatment Strategies: Antiviral medications, notably neuraminidase inhibitors like oseltamivir and zanamivir, demonstrate efficacy in reducing viral replication duration and improving survival prospects for afflicted individuals.